nutritional and dietary needs Flashcards
Why does a baby need essential nutrients?
For growth and development
What food do babies need?
Energy-dense, filling food that is easy to swallow. Babies initially only drink milk, but as they grow they require more energy, so they are weaned on to solid food. Food should be nutritious, appetising, easy to prepare, without additives and low in sugar.
Define complex carbs
Sugar molecules found in foods such as whole grains, and vegetables like peas and beans
Why do toddlers require a lot of energy from their food?
Because they are growing fast. They need a balanced diet that contains a high proportion of complex carbs to provide this energy.
Portions of the eatwell guide that toddlers and pre-school children should have
5 portions - starchy foods
5 portions - fruit and veg
3 portions - dairy foods
2-3 portions - protein foods
What food qualities should be given to toddlers/pre-school children?
Food that is easy to hold, available in suitably sized portions, with interesting shapes, colours, textures and flavours
What should school-aged children eat?
A varied balance diet which is based on the eatwell guide. They should regularly take part in physical activity so that they have a healthy body weight.
Why do adolescents need a varied balanced diet?
Because they go through puberty, which is when bones stop growing, and without sufficient calcium and phosphorus in the diet, there will be a weakening of the bones, leading to rickets and osteoporosis later in life.
Qualities of food for adolescents
Food must be affordable, fashionable, quick and easy to prepare and suited to a busy and energetic lifestyle
Compare different energy requirements between adults and teenagers.
The energy requirements of adults are lower than those of teenagers. The requirements for protein and most of the vitamins and minerals are similar.
What do adults’ needs vary upon?
Adults’ needs vary depending on their lifestyle and occupation, but should base their diet on the eatwell guide
What food do older people need?
They require a balanced diet supplying a good range of nutrients, but they often suffer from loss of appetite.
Qualities of food for older people
They need appetising products in smaller quantities. They want easy-to-prepare, nutritional meals with easy-to-open packaging
Why do pregnant and lactating women need to adapt their diet?
In order to provide adequate nutrients for themselves and their baby. A new mother does not need special food products, but must ensure that she has a varied, balanced diet.
List three food requirements that a pregnant/lactating woman should have
- an adequate supply of protein for the growth of the baby
- calcium and vitamin D for both her and the baby’s bone and tooth development
- folic acid supplements before and during the early stages of pregnancy to reduce the risk of spina bifida in the baby
- iron for the developing baby’s blood supply
- a good supply of fruit&veg to provide vitamin C and fibre
- a diet that does not include too many fats and sugary foods
