energy balance Flashcards

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1
Q

List 4 things energy is needed for

A
  • keeping the heart beating
  • keeping all organs functioning correctly
  • keeping us warm
  • allowing our muscles to work
  • making chemical reactions happen e.g. digesting food
  • allowing us to move
  • providing us with energy stores
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2
Q

Define energy balance

A

The relationship between the energy input and the energy we use

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3
Q

What is energy measured in

A

Kilocalories (kcal) or kilojoules (kJ)

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4
Q

What macronutrients do our bodies prefer to obtain energy from?

A
  • our body prefers to get energy from carbohydrates
  • fats also supply our bodies with energy
  • we can also get energy from proteins, but if it used for energy, it cannot be user for its main function which is growth and repair
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5
Q

Define bmi

A

Body mass index is a measurement which compares weight to height and is used to measure obesity

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6
Q

Define BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy we need for all bodily functions

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7
Q

Out of the energy we consume, what percentage of it is used for all bodily functions? (BMR)

A

70%

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8
Q

Compare BMR between age groups

A
  • infants and young children tend to have higher BMRs because they’re growing rapidly
  • men often have a higher BMR than women
  • older adults have a lower BMR because they have less muscle mass than younger people
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9
Q

BMI equation

A

BMI = weight in kg / (height in metres)^2

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10
Q

BMI weight ranges

A

<18.4 : underweight for your height
18.5 - 24.9 : ideal weight for your height
25 - 29.9 : over the ideal weight for your height
30 - 39.9 : obese
>40 : clinically obese

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11
Q

Define PAL

A

Our physical activity is the energy used for all types of movement

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12
Q

Define a calorie

A

A unit of energy that is used to give the energy yield of foods and the energy expenditure of the body

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13
Q

Amount of energy obtained from 1g carbohydrate

A

3.75kcal / 16kJ

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14
Q

Amount of energy obtained from 1g fat

A

9kcal / 37kJ

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15
Q

Amount of energy obtained from 1g protein

A

4kcal / 17kJ

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16
Q

Interpret a PAL value of 1.4

A

Low levels of physical activity at work and/or during leisure time

17
Q

Interpret a PAL value of 1.6 for women and 1.7 for men

A

Represents a moderate-intensity activity

18
Q

Interpret a PAL value of 1.8 for women and 1.9 for men

A

Represents a high level of physical activity

19
Q

Percentages of macronutrients that should make up our diet

A
  • 50% carbs with a maximum 11% energy from free sugar
  • 35% or less from fat
  • 15% protein
20
Q

Why do males need more energy than females

A

Because they are usually larger and have more muscles

21
Q

As people get older the amount of energy they need _

A

Reduces

22
Q

Negative energy balance

A

.

23
Q

Positive energy balance

A

.

24
Q

Neutral energy balance

A

.

25
Q

Explain energy for a lean body

A

If you have a lean body, it is metabolically more active. People who have a leaner body are more likely to burn off excess energy than those who have a heavier body