energy balance Flashcards
List 4 things energy is needed for
- keeping the heart beating
- keeping all organs functioning correctly
- keeping us warm
- allowing our muscles to work
- making chemical reactions happen e.g. digesting food
- allowing us to move
- providing us with energy stores
Define energy balance
The relationship between the energy input and the energy we use
What is energy measured in
Kilocalories (kcal) or kilojoules (kJ)
What macronutrients do our bodies prefer to obtain energy from?
- our body prefers to get energy from carbohydrates
- fats also supply our bodies with energy
- we can also get energy from proteins, but if it used for energy, it cannot be user for its main function which is growth and repair
Define bmi
Body mass index is a measurement which compares weight to height and is used to measure obesity
Define BMR
Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy we need for all bodily functions
Out of the energy we consume, what percentage of it is used for all bodily functions? (BMR)
70%
Compare BMR between age groups
- infants and young children tend to have higher BMRs because they’re growing rapidly
- men often have a higher BMR than women
- older adults have a lower BMR because they have less muscle mass than younger people
BMI equation
BMI = weight in kg / (height in metres)^2
BMI weight ranges
<18.4 : underweight for your height
18.5 - 24.9 : ideal weight for your height
25 - 29.9 : over the ideal weight for your height
30 - 39.9 : obese
>40 : clinically obese
Define PAL
Our physical activity is the energy used for all types of movement
Define a calorie
A unit of energy that is used to give the energy yield of foods and the energy expenditure of the body
Amount of energy obtained from 1g carbohydrate
3.75kcal / 16kJ
Amount of energy obtained from 1g fat
9kcal / 37kJ
Amount of energy obtained from 1g protein
4kcal / 17kJ