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chem path > nutrition & vitamins > Flashcards

nutrition & vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

what is vitamin A

A

retinol

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2
Q

what does vitamin A deficiency cause

A

night blindness (retinitis pigmentosa)

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3
Q

what does excess vitamin A cause

A

exfoliation & hepatitis

(think of retinol purge)

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4
Q

how is vitamin A tested for

A

serum

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5
Q

which are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

(A dont even know!)

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6
Q

what is vitamin D

A

cholecalciferol

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7
Q

vitamin D deficiency

A

osteomalacia/rickets

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8
Q

vitamin D excess

A

hypercalcaemia

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9
Q

vitamin D test

A

serum

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10
Q

vitamin E name

A

tocopherol

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11
Q

vitamin E deficiency

A

anaemia, neuropathy, IHD

(vit E clears up free radicals)

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12
Q

vitamin E test

A

serum

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13
Q

vitamin K name

A

phytomenadione

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14
Q

vitamin K deficiency

A

defective clotting

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15
Q

vitamin K test

A

PT (prothrombin time)

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16
Q

vitamin B1 name

A

thiamine

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17
Q

vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Beri-beri (wet=CVS, dry = neuro features)
-neuropathy
-wernickes encephalopathy

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18
Q

vitamin B1 test

A

RBC transketolase

Thiamine = Transketolase

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19
Q

vitamin B2 name

A

riboflavin

u can B ricosuave too (2)

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20
Q

vitamin B2 deficiency

A

glossitis (beefy tongue), angular stomatitis, corneal ulceration

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21
Q

vitamin B2 test

A

RBC glutathione reductase

(think beefy glutes - very ricosuave)

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22
Q

vitamin B3 name

A

niacin

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23
Q

vitamin B3 deficiency

A

pellagra
3Ds = dementia, dermatitis, diarrhoea
then death (casal’s necklace) like hanging

-so they’ve got bad skin, poopy bum, and cant remember nish (niacin)

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24
Q

vitamin B6 name

A

pyridoxine

25
Q

vitamin B6 deficiency

A

seborrheic dermatitis
sideroblastic anaemia
neuropathy (think isoniazid)

26
Q

vitamin B6 excess

A

neuropathy

27
Q

vitamin B6 test

A

RBC AST activation
(A6T)

28
Q

vitamin B12 name

A

cobalamin

29
Q

vitamin B12 deficiency

A

pernicious anaemia
subacute cord degeneration
glossitis (sore tongue)

30
Q

vitamin B12 test

A

serum B12

31
Q

vitamin C name

A

asCorbic acid

32
Q

vitamin C deficiency

A

scurvy (vit C necessary to make collagen) - poor wound healing, bleeding gums, corkscrew hairs

33
Q

vitamin C excess

A

renal stones

34
Q

vitamin C test

A

plasma vit C

35
Q

vitamin B9 name

A

folate

36
Q

vitamin B9 deficiency

A

megaloblastic anaemia
neural tube defect

37
Q

vitamin B9 test

A

RBC folate

38
Q

iron deficiency

A

hypochromic microcytic anameia

39
Q

iron excess

A

haemochromatosis

40
Q

iron test

A

FBC, serum iron and ferritin

41
Q

iodine deficiency

A

goitre, hypothyrodism

42
Q

iodine excess

A

Hypo or hyperthyroidism

43
Q

iodine test

A

TFTs

44
Q

zinc deficiency?

A

dermatitis

45
Q

copper deficiency

A

anaemia (body absorbs less iron), osteoporosis

46
Q

copper excess

A

wilsons

47
Q

copper test

A

serum caeroplasmin low (carries copper)

48
Q

fluoride deficiency

A

dental caries

49
Q

fluoride excess

A

fluorosis (white and brown speckles on teeth)

50
Q

where are fat soluble vitamins stored

A

adipose tissue

51
Q

what is marasmus

A

deficiency in all macronutrients causing retarded growth, muscle wasting, no fat

52
Q

what is kwashiorkor

A

protein deficiency (oedematous tum tum)

53
Q

what deficiencies does crohns lead to

A

B12, ADEK def
folate if on methotrexate
electrolytes can be deranged due to diarrhoea

54
Q

deficiency in coeliac

A

iron
ADEK, thiamine, B6

55
Q

deficiency in chronic liver disease

A

ADEK, B12, selenium, mg, zinc, folate

56
Q

deficiency in CKD

A

protein energy wasting syndrome (cos getting rid of proteins, decline in muscle mass)

57
Q

deficiency in pancreatic insufficiency

A

ADEK (fat soluble)

58
Q
A

chem path (20 decks)

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