Nutrition (Tait) Flashcards
who likes softer feed, sheep or goats?
goats because their palate is softer. sheep like soft too but can handle slightly harder
sheep are mainly ____ and goats are mainly ____
grazers, browsers
how does pregnancy impact nutrition?
pregnant animals have to eat small amounts all the time because the baby takes up so much space, the rumen cant fill as much
concentrates are usually provided ____ times daily
2
dry ewes/does can eat ___% of body weight and lambs and kids can eat ____% of body weight
3-5%
5-10%
why is it a bad idea to give course feed to sheep/goats?
they will sort out all the soft stuff because poky stuff hurts their mouths
protein levels in the diet are usually
12-18%, depending
proper way to test feed and water?
feed: probe sampling, 15-20 samples from the core from a bunch of bales from the same field
water: test for minerals
how are minerals provided in the diet?
TMR rations (premixed into the feed), complete supplement pellets (same as TMR just in pellet form), loose mineral (tastes bad), mineral licks or tubs, mineral blocks, injectable (dont do it), bolueses (not in canada)
what is the gold standard for mineral testing in a flock?
liver samples: animal needs to be on the ration for 30 days to get accurate results. Can use fetal liver and this reflects momma’s levels. Liver can be FROZEN
mineral intake is required year round and is dependent on _____
levels in soil and the plants in that soil
what is important to remember about vitamin supplements?
vitamins in forages and supplements deteriorate over time so dont buy them in bulk!
what is different about the vitamin requirements comparing grazing animals to non grazing animals?
grazing animals usually dont need vitamin A and D suppelements because they eat enough of it from grazing, but animals not on pasture or over the winter should get A and D added in, but remember these supplements will deteriorate over time–>dont buy in bulk!
what is essential to remember about calcium and phosphorus?
the ratio is more important than the actual amounts! ideal is 2:1 ratio but can go up to 4:1.
____ can be prevented or minimized by correct Ca:P management
urinary calculi
why do prolific ewes need more calcium
they growin more fetuses!!! need them bones to grow!!
____ppm is the max amount of selenium without a feed script and is usually adequate enough for sheep and goats
30
true or false: white muscle disease is rare in SR
depends: when correct minerals are fed consistently it is rare
what is one problem with selenium and vitamin E toxicity in regards to clinical signs
the same clinical signs for toxicity and deficinecy so more is not always better
why is vitamin E so important?
it impacts fertility, libido, and neonatal vigor
why should injectable mineral/vitamin products be avoided? what are the limitations of using a product like Dystosel?
good nutrition and good management is much better and way more effective than the injectables
the products can have very low levels of vitamin E which is fine for babies but not good enough for adults. It also requires selenium and vitamin E levels to be balanced in order to work. They can also cause irriration and lameness from the IM injections
should you use a copper supplement in sheep and goats? why or why not?
usually with sheep, there is enough copper in the concentrates, but we are seeing more deficinecy now compared to years ago because everyone is so afraid of copper toxicity. In this case, copper boluses can be added to the ration but dont use goat bolus for sheep, sheep are much more sensitive remember
extensive use of _____ can result in copper toxicity in sheep
pig manure as fertilizer
very high levels of _____ can interfere with copper absorption
zinc (often used as immune support)
iodine deficinecy results in _____
congenital goiter (rare if iodized salt is offered, which is often is)
a total dietary concentration exceeding ________ of total ergot alkaloids cause adverse effects
100-200ppb
what level of ergot alkaloids are acceptble for a breeding flock and how can you test your feed for ergot toxicity?
there is NO level that is safe for breeding stock
send to PDS and WCVM
