Elk & Deer Disease and Bison too??? WTF

Question 1

how do you stand up to a wapiti?

Answer 1

get your own antler, and hold your ground, beleive in yourself and in your antler of choice, dont turn, they will kill you.

Question 2

what is adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in cervids

Answer 2

cervid adenovirus 1

nasty little bug, first seen in california, caused high mortality in mule deer, came to BC in 2020

transmission via saliva, feces, urine

Question 3

clinical signs and treatment of adenovirus hemorrhagic disease

Answer 3

acute: dyspnea, foaming or droolong at the mouth, diarrhea, seizures, sudden dearth

chronic: oral ulcers and abscesses, weight loss and death

no treatment or prevention

Question 4

the first baby white tail deers are born when`

Answer 4

may 31st/june 1st

Question 5

what is lumpy jaw caused by in deer compared to moooooo cows

Answer 5

it is caused by fusobacterium necrophorum aka necrobacillosis

in cows it is actinomyces bovis

Question 6

can deer get paratuberclosis (johnes) yes or no

Answer 6

yes, there was one case where 10 of 16 had it in their tissues but not in the poopoo

intermittent shedding, quick progression (faster then cows), very susecptible to the cow strain, can happen in wild deers, occurs at younger age than in cattle

Question 7

what increases the odds of a herd of deer being infected with lumpy jaw/necrobacillosis?

Answer 7

high density of animals, moving and handling animals, lack of basic hygeine, and bottle feeding fawns

can be from infected feed as well

Question 8

describe BVDV in deer

Answer 8

similar to in cows

causes abortions, mummys, and PI fawns (the age infected to become a PI is not understood, likely less than 67 days)

Question 9

how are we trying to contain CWD?

Answer 9

we are mostly slowing movement by using double fencing between farmed deer and wild deer. but if they are infected the deer are slaugheted to soon for it to matter (the lesions take forever to develop so the carcass still safe for consumption). they also inspect all the carcasses just in case and any positives are discarded.

contrast with the hunting deer farms–>you need to depopulate these deer if they have CWD because the deer can keep running away and potentially live long enough to actually get the lesions.

Question 10

if you want to diagnose CWD in a live animal how can you do this

Answer 10

rectoanal mucosa associated lymph tissue for histo

can also do retropharyngeal LN biopsy–>most sensitive

Question 11

why bison?

Answer 11

superior red meat, semen, breeding stock, hides

Question 12

what types of eaters are bison?

Answer 12

non selective grass and roughage eaters, can feed on the most unpromising looking stuff, will do well on pasture that is inadequate for cattle

Question 13

describe the estrus cycle and breeding of bison

Answer 13

seasonally polyestrus
breed august to october
estrus cycle 21 days
gestation 275
calving is late may to early july

Question 14

how to diagnose pregnancy in bison

Answer 14

rectal palpation
transrectal US
blood sample PSPB

Question 15

the rut for bison begins

Answer 15

begins early august (summer sex)

bull cow ratio 1:10-12 (a lot less than wapiti)

Question 16

what is different about bison cum

Answer 16

have normal sperm all year round regardless of season

Question 17

in anestrus in bison is the ovary still kinda active?

Answer 17

yes beech

Question 18

bison transition in early august from anestrus to estrus happens via

Answer 18

an LH surge

Question 19

what sorts of management things do we do for bison

Answer 19

nothing beech, no castration, no dehorning, minimal handling, stepping in doesnt do anything, let them struggle. NO BARN NO SHELTER, just vibes, do not cast the babies if the break their legs

Question 20

why do bison carcass someitmes have wounds?

Answer 20

we cant dehorn, they hurt each other and fight=ouch

Question 21

most bison are sent where?

Answer 21

to a serial killer in the US and he sells the carcasses to resturants

Question 22

describe to be the bison market lately

Answer 22

Question 23

if you cant ship a bison to slaughter what are your options

Answer 23

you can do a viedeo ante mortem insepction so that they can be humanely euthanized on site, then they go to a provincial abbatoir and depending on the inspection, can be sold afterwards.

Question 24

tell me about bovine tuberculosis in bison

Answer 24

this is the one in wood buffalo national park (all the bulls more than 6 years old all infected), it’s also in Manitoba near riding mountain

Question 25

testing for TB in bison is good for

Answer 25

herd testing (not individual testing)

Question 26

brucellosis in bison is found where

Answer 26

wood buffalo national park

Question 27

tell me about BVDV in bison

Answer 27

vaccine is effective, can cause feedlot losses, we dont know about PI calves in bison

Question 28

tell me about malignant catarrhal fever in bison

Answer 28

it is an ovine herpes virus

C/S: depressed, separation from the herd, loss of appetite, diarrhea (bloody), ocular discharge, nasal discharge

always fatal once clinical signs detected

one bison cannot pass it to other bison (sheep give it to bison)

sometimes animals have no clinical signs

Question 29

tell me about PI3, BRSV, IBR in bison

Answer 29

secondary disease is the most significant (bacterial disease that makes them sick, not the virus)

Question 30

tell me about bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in bison

Answer 30

spread by biting insects

bison have been experimentally infected but got no clinical signs

natural exposures are not documents

Question 31

what are the 3 stages of johne’s disease in bison

Answer 31

subclinical non shedding
subclinical shedding
clinical intermittent/permanent shedding

Question 32

true or false, johnes is found in free ranging bison in northern USA

Answer 32

true

Question 33

how should you test for johnes in bison

Answer 33

fecal PCR is the best, fecal culture sucks

Question 34

how is mycoplasma different in bison compared to cows

Answer 34

in bison, older animals are more severely affected (in cows its usually younger animals I think)

Question 35

signs of a sick bison are

Answer 35

remain at water sources, frequent trips to water, drooping ears, mouth breathing, separation from herd, usually difficult to detect any signs of illness

BECOME DANGEROUS

Question 36

tell me about yaks

Answer 36