Elk & Deer Disease and Bison too??? WTF Flashcards
how do you stand up to a wapiti?
get your own antler, and hold your ground, beleive in yourself and in your antler of choice, dont turn, they will kill you.
what is adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in cervids
cervid adenovirus 1
nasty little bug, first seen in california, caused high mortality in mule deer, came to BC in 2020
transmission via saliva, feces, urine
clinical signs and treatment of adenovirus hemorrhagic disease
acute: dyspnea, foaming or droolong at the mouth, diarrhea, seizures, sudden dearth
chronic: oral ulcers and abscesses, weight loss and death
no treatment or prevention
the first baby white tail deers are born when`
may 31st/june 1st
what is lumpy jaw caused by in deer compared to moooooo cows
it is caused by fusobacterium necrophorum aka necrobacillosis
in cows it is actinomyces bovis
can deer get paratuberclosis (johnes) yes or no
yes, there was one case where 10 of 16 had it in their tissues but not in the poopoo
intermittent shedding, quick progression (faster then cows), very susecptible to the cow strain, can happen in wild deers, occurs at younger age than in cattle
what increases the odds of a herd of deer being infected with lumpy jaw/necrobacillosis?
high density of animals, moving and handling animals, lack of basic hygeine, and bottle feeding fawns
can be from infected feed as well
describe BVDV in deer
similar to in cows
causes abortions, mummys, and PI fawns (the age infected to become a PI is not understood, likely less than 67 days)
how are we trying to contain CWD?
we are mostly slowing movement by using double fencing between farmed deer and wild deer. but if they are infected the deer are slaugheted to soon for it to matter (the lesions take forever to develop so the carcass still safe for consumption). they also inspect all the carcasses just in case and any positives are discarded.
contrast with the hunting deer farms–>you need to depopulate these deer if they have CWD because the deer can keep running away and potentially live long enough to actually get the lesions.
if you want to diagnose CWD in a live animal how can you do this
rectoanal mucosa associated lymph tissue for histo
can also do retropharyngeal LN biopsy–>most sensitive
why bison?
superior red meat, semen, breeding stock, hides
what types of eaters are bison?
non selective grass and roughage eaters, can feed on the most unpromising looking stuff, will do well on pasture that is inadequate for cattle
describe the estrus cycle and breeding of bison
seasonally polyestrus
breed august to october
estrus cycle 21 days
gestation 275
calving is late may to early july
how to diagnose pregnancy in bison
rectal palpation
transrectal US
blood sample PSPB
the rut for bison begins
begins early august (summer sex)
bull cow ratio 1:10-12 (a lot less than wapiti)
what is different about bison cum
have normal sperm all year round regardless of season
in anestrus in bison is the ovary still kinda active?
yes beech
bison transition in early august from anestrus to estrus happens via
an LH surge
what sorts of management things do we do for bison
nothing beech, no castration, no dehorning, minimal handling, stepping in doesnt do anything, let them struggle. NO BARN NO SHELTER, just vibes, do not cast the babies if the break their legs
why do bison carcass someitmes have wounds?
we cant dehorn, they hurt each other and fight=ouch
most bison are sent where?
to a serial killer in the US and he sells the carcasses to resturants
describe to be the bison market lately
if you cant ship a bison to slaughter what are your options
you can do a viedeo ante mortem insepction so that they can be humanely euthanized on site, then they go to a provincial abbatoir and depending on the inspection, can be sold afterwards.
tell me about bovine tuberculosis in bison
this is the one in wood buffalo national park (all the bulls more than 6 years old all infected), it’s also in Manitoba near riding mountain
testing for TB in bison is good for
herd testing (not individual testing)
brucellosis in bison is found where
wood buffalo national park
tell me about BVDV in bison
vaccine is effective, can cause feedlot losses, we dont know about PI calves in bison
tell me about malignant catarrhal fever in bison
it is an ovine herpes virus
C/S: depressed, separation from the herd, loss of appetite, diarrhea (bloody), ocular discharge, nasal discharge
always fatal once clinical signs detected
one bison cannot pass it to other bison (sheep give it to bison)
sometimes animals have no clinical signs
tell me about PI3, BRSV, IBR in bison
secondary disease is the most significant (bacterial disease that makes them sick, not the virus)
tell me about bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in bison
spread by biting insects
bison have been experimentally infected but got no clinical signs
natural exposures are not documents
what are the 3 stages of johne’s disease in bison
subclinical non shedding
subclinical shedding
clinical intermittent/permanent shedding
true or false, johnes is found in free ranging bison in northern USA
true
how should you test for johnes in bison
fecal PCR is the best, fecal culture sucks
how is mycoplasma different in bison compared to cows
in bison, older animals are more severely affected (in cows its usually younger animals I think)
signs of a sick bison are
remain at water sources, frequent trips to water, drooping ears, mouth breathing, separation from herd, usually difficult to detect any signs of illness
BECOME DANGEROUS
tell me about yaks
