Nutrition Patterns Throughout Life, Types of Anemia, and Inborn Illnesses Flashcards by Jazmin Cruz

What nutrients are important in pregnancy?

fiber, CHO slightly increases, folate, vitamin A (important for immune function, lung development, gene expression), omega-3

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What types of food contain Listeria?

uncooked or undercooked ready-prepared meals
soft-mold ripened cheese
uncooked/undercooked meats, fish, eggs
pate

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What can alcohol consumption by the mother cause in the fetus?

FAS

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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What are the complications of GDM on fetus?

macrosomia (>4000g or 8.8lbs) and hypoglycemia

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What is the criteria for pregnancy induced hypertension? What is the MNT?

elevated BP 140/90 after 20 wk gestation
mild edema
proteinuria
sodium restriction not recommended

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How to calculate corrected age?

infant’s current age - # weeks (or months) premature

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What supplements do infants need?

vitamin D from birth (if breastfed)
iron at 4-6 months
fluoride after 6 mo if H2O has no fluoride
B12 on vegan moms (if breastfeeding)

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What are the hormones involved in lactation?

prolactin (production of milk)

oxytocin (moves ejection – taxi)

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If baby can’t tolerate soy or cow’s milk, what can you give them?

casein hydrolysate formula (doesn’t have lactose and it’s better tolerated by baby because casein has been split into smaller components)

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What is a normal birth weight?

5.5-8.8 lbs

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What is considered a low birth wt?

<5.5lbs

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What is considered a very low birth weight?

<3.3lbs

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What is considered an extremely-low birth weight?

<2.2lbs

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How many weeks is a baby considered to be premature?

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What is a normal growth weight in infants?

by 4-6 months, infants doubled their weight

by 1 year, weight should triple

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What types of foods can babies eat at 6-8 months?

large finger foods or palmar grasp

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What types of foods do babies eat at 9-12 months?

pincer grasp (like cereal)

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Guideline for amount of food at 2 years old?

2 tablespoons of every food group

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What is the RAST blood test?

measures presence of IgE antibodies in food

What is the food allergen-specific serum IgE test?

blood test testing levels of IgE

What is the Skin-Prick Test (SPT)?

drops of food extracts are placed on skin of arm or back, body is pricked and wait 15 minutes to watch for reactions
most economical

What is the DBPCFC test?

double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge
used to identify food induced sx and is used to finalize diagnosis
reintroduce food one by one and in different forms
ex: allergy to eggs but may be able to have cake

What are the Big 8 allergens?

peanuts
tree nuts (macadamia, pecan, hazelnut, walnuts, pistachio)
eggs (albumin, lecithin)
milk (goat milk, ghee)
soy (miso, natto)
wheat (bottled sauces and gravies)
shellfish, fish

What is the most life threatening allergen?

peanuts (can cause anaphylaxis episodes)

With Maple Syrup Urine disease (MSUD), what BCAAs are affected?

I Love Vermont's maple syrup Isoleucine, leucine, valine leucine is the most problematic

What can Urea Cycle Defects (UCDs) cause?

Accumulation of ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia) and can cause seizures

What is the treatment for galactosemia?

galactose and lactose restriction for life avoid: organ meats, MSG extenders, dates, bell peppers, papaya allowed: pure MSG, hydrolyzed casein, milk substitutes

What is Glycogen Storage Disease? What is the treatment?

inability to metabolize glycogen to glucose glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency leads to impaired gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis symptoms include hypoglycemia high complex CHO, low fat diet (to prevent fatty liver)

For homocystinuria (HCU), what AA is not metabolized correctly? What is a common symptom? What is the treatment?

methionine megaloblastic anemia give folate, B6, B12 (remember B6, B9, B12)

What is Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase deficiency (CSID)? | What is the MNT?

enzyme sucrase-isomaltase missing and can't digest sucrose, maltose, and starch restrict sucrose, maltose, and starch

List the essential Amino Acids

Try THis VIP MaLL tryptophan, threonine, histamine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, methionine, leucine, lysine

What are the conditionally essential amino acids in stressful situations?

arginine, glutamine

what is cariogenicity?

caries-promoting properties of food | cariogenic foods: crackers, chips, pretzel cereal, bread, fruit with high water content...

What are cariostatic foods?

cavity preventing foods | eggs, fish, meat, poultry --> high protein and sugar alcohol

What are anticariogenic foods?

when eaten before a cariogenic food, it prevents plaque from recognizing acid food

What is the weight for stature (height) mostly used for? for what age?

monitor failure to thrive | 0-24 months

What is stature (height) for age mostly used for and from what age?

0-24 months | reflects long-term nutritional status (stunted growth)

What is weight for age used for?

short-term nutritional status

What is BMI for age used for and for what age?

2-20 years | weight in relation to stature

In iron deficiency anemia, would MCHC, MCV, serum Fe, ferritin, and transferrin will be high or low?

all will be low, only transferrin will be high

What is pernicious anemia? What is it diagnosed with?

megaloblastic, macrocytic B12 deficiency, d/t lack of IF diagnosed with Schilling test

What are the fluid needs for adults?

30-35ml/kg

What are the optimal fat needs for an adult?

<30%

Low calcium and iron absorption is the cause of what problem in the elderly population?

low HCl production (achorhydria)

What are the vitamin D and Ca recommendations in the elderly?

<70 yrs - 600 IU vitamin D and 1000 IU Ca | >70 yrs = 800 IU vitamin D and 1200 IU Ca

What is the hydration recommendation for athletes?

16-24 ounces for every 1 lb body wt lost (at least 16 oz)

What deficiency does a B12 deficiency mask?

folate