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Nutrition > Nutrition Patterns Throughout Life, Types of Anemia, and Inborn Illnesses > Flashcards

Nutrition Patterns Throughout Life, Types of Anemia, and Inborn Illnesses Flashcards

1
Q

What nutrients are important in pregnancy?

A

fiber, CHO slightly increases, folate, vitamin A (important for immune function, lung development, gene expression), omega-3

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2
Q

What types of food contain Listeria?

A

uncooked or undercooked ready-prepared meals
soft-mold ripened cheese
uncooked/undercooked meats, fish, eggs
pate

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3
Q

What can alcohol consumption by the mother cause in the fetus?

A

FAS

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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4
Q

What are the complications of GDM on fetus?

A

macrosomia (>4000g or 8.8lbs) and hypoglycemia

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5
Q

What is the criteria for pregnancy induced hypertension? What is the MNT?

A

elevated BP 140/90 after 20 wk gestation
mild edema
proteinuria
sodium restriction not recommended

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6
Q

How to calculate corrected age?

A

infant’s current age - # weeks (or months) premature

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7
Q

What supplements do infants need?

A

vitamin D from birth (if breastfed)
iron at 4-6 months
fluoride after 6 mo if H2O has no fluoride
B12 on vegan moms (if breastfeeding)

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8
Q

What are the hormones involved in lactation?

A

prolactin (production of milk)

oxytocin (moves ejection – taxi)

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9
Q

If baby can’t tolerate soy or cow’s milk, what can you give them?

A

casein hydrolysate formula (doesn’t have lactose and it’s better tolerated by baby because casein has been split into smaller components)

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10
Q

What is a normal birth weight?

A

5.5-8.8 lbs

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11
Q

What is considered a low birth wt?

A

<5.5lbs

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12
Q

What is considered a very low birth weight?

A

<3.3lbs

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13
Q

What is considered an extremely-low birth weight?

A

<2.2lbs

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14
Q

How many weeks is a baby considered to be premature?

A
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15
Q

What is a normal growth weight in infants?

A

by 4-6 months, infants doubled their weight

by 1 year, weight should triple

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16
Q

What types of foods can babies eat at 6-8 months?

A

large finger foods or palmar grasp

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17
Q

What types of foods do babies eat at 9-12 months?

A

pincer grasp (like cereal)

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18
Q

Guideline for amount of food at 2 years old?

A

2 tablespoons of every food group

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19
Q

What is the RAST blood test?

A

measures presence of IgE antibodies in food

20
Q

What is the food allergen-specific serum IgE test?

A

blood test testing levels of IgE

21
Q

What is the Skin-Prick Test (SPT)?

A

drops of food extracts are placed on skin of arm or back, body is pricked and wait 15 minutes to watch for reactions
most economical

22
Q

What is the DBPCFC test?

A

double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge
used to identify food induced sx and is used to finalize diagnosis
reintroduce food one by one and in different forms
ex: allergy to eggs but may be able to have cake

23
Q

What are the Big 8 allergens?

A 
peanuts
tree nuts (macadamia, pecan, hazelnut, walnuts, pistachio)
eggs (albumin, lecithin)
milk (goat milk, ghee)
soy (miso, natto)
wheat (bottled sauces and gravies)
shellfish, fish
24
Q

What is the most life threatening allergen?

A

peanuts (can cause anaphylaxis episodes)

25
Q

With Maple Syrup Urine disease (MSUD), what BCAAs are affected?

A

I Love Vermont’s maple syrup
Isoleucine, leucine, valine
leucine is the most problematic

26
Q

What can Urea Cycle Defects (UCDs) cause?

A

Accumulation of ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia) and can cause seizures

27
Q

What is the treatment for galactosemia?

A

galactose and lactose restriction for life

avoid: organ meats, MSG extenders, dates, bell peppers, papaya
allowed: pure MSG, hydrolyzed casein, milk substitutes

28
Q

What is Glycogen Storage Disease? What is the treatment?

A

inability to metabolize glycogen to glucose
glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency leads to impaired gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
symptoms include hypoglycemia
high complex CHO, low fat diet (to prevent fatty liver)

29
Q

For homocystinuria (HCU), what AA is not metabolized correctly? What is a common symptom? What is the treatment?

A

methionine
megaloblastic anemia
give folate, B6, B12 (remember B6, B9, B12)

30
Q

What is Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase deficiency (CSID)?

What is the MNT?

A

enzyme sucrase-isomaltase missing and can’t digest sucrose, maltose, and starch
restrict sucrose, maltose, and starch

31
Q

List the essential Amino Acids

A

Try THis VIP MaLL

tryptophan, threonine, histamine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, methionine, leucine, lysine

32
Q

What are the conditionally essential amino acids in stressful situations?

A

arginine, glutamine

33
Q

what is cariogenicity?

A

caries-promoting properties of food

cariogenic foods: crackers, chips, pretzel cereal, bread, fruit with high water content…

34
Q

What are cariostatic foods?

A

cavity preventing foods

eggs, fish, meat, poultry –> high protein and sugar alcohol

35
Q

What are anticariogenic foods?

A

when eaten before a cariogenic food, it prevents plaque from recognizing acid food

36
Q

What is the weight for stature (height) mostly used for? for what age?

A

monitor failure to thrive

0-24 months

37
Q

What is stature (height) for age mostly used for and from what age?

A

0-24 months

reflects long-term nutritional status (stunted growth)

38
Q

What is weight for age used for?

A

short-term nutritional status

39
Q

What is BMI for age used for and for what age?

A

2-20 years

weight in relation to stature

40
Q

In iron deficiency anemia, would MCHC, MCV, serum Fe, ferritin, and transferrin will be high or low?

A

all will be low, only transferrin will be high

41
Q

What is pernicious anemia? What is it diagnosed with?

A

megaloblastic, macrocytic
B12 deficiency, d/t lack of IF
diagnosed with Schilling test

42
Q

What are the fluid needs for adults?

A

30-35ml/kg

43
Q

What are the optimal fat needs for an adult?

A

<30%

44
Q

Low calcium and iron absorption is the cause of what problem in the elderly population?

A

low HCl production (achorhydria)

45
Q

What are the vitamin D and Ca recommendations in the elderly?

A

<70 yrs - 600 IU vitamin D and 1000 IU Ca

>70 yrs = 800 IU vitamin D and 1200 IU Ca

46
Q

What is the hydration recommendation for athletes?

A

16-24 ounces for every 1 lb body wt lost (at least 16 oz)

47
Q

What deficiency does a B12 deficiency mask?

A

folate

Nutrition (8 decks)

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