Health promotion, education, and counseling Flashcards
What are the steps of the community assessment?
1) Problem (based on target population)
2) Parameter
3) Data (collection)
4) Analyze (and interpret data)
5) Share findings (with who is interested)
6) Set plan/priorities
What are the steps for the community program planning?
1) Review
2) Goals and objectives (mission, and vision)
3) Program plan
4) Management (who is going to help you?)
5) Funding
6) Support (from community or stakeholders)
7) Implement
What is a vision statement?
broad and generalized, in the future, where the company is going or where it wants to be.
example: Every student has access to nutritious meats at school ensuring optimal health and well being
What is a mission statement?
more detailed and focused; uses “aims at”; describes what a company does right now; how are you different from others?
ex: The Health is You program aims at helping patients and their families to understand and cope with physical and emotional changes associated with cancer recovery
What are goals?
they’re broad in scope; general guidelines that explain what you want to achieve in the community/program; tend to be short
ex: pass the RD exam
What are objectives?
SMART strategies to attain a goal
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely
What might middle to upper income adults be interested in?
health and long term goals
What might low income adults be interested in?
coping and immediate problems
When working with adolescents, what do you need to consider?
Peer pressure
When working with elderly what do you need to consider?
decreased attention span; use big written font, information and pictures instead of oral information
What are Bloom’s Learning Domains (Bloom’s Taxonomy)?
- Remember
- Understand
- Apply
- Analyze
- Evaluate
- Create
What does primary prevention do?
aimed to avoid the development of a disease in healthy people
What does secondary prevention do?
at risk population, prevent further complications/disease
What does tertiary prevention do?
reduce the negative impact of an already existing condition
What is the reading level of materials?
8th grade for general population
6th grade for low literacy population
What are the educational types of evaluation?
formative and summative
What is summative evaluation?
done at the end of the program; used to determine effectiveness; ex: post-test; can’t be changed but can help identify areas of improvement for the future.
What is formative evaluation?
begins when programs are developed throughout the program; used for quality assessment and improvement; can be fixed
What evaluations are often used in healthcare?
process evaluation, structure evaluation, and outcome evaluation
What is process evaluation?
extent of which a program is being implemented as intended; what went well and what didn’t; how it contributed to success or failure of a program
What is structure evaluation?
focuses on facilities, equipment, staffing, and other factors that can affect the quality of the program provided
What is outcome evaluation?
focuses on end result of a program; often used in healthcare
What is a consonance?
fit between the program and its objective/how communication helps towards the intended outcome or objective
What is antecedent?
triggers a response; ex: seeing an advertisement for hot dogs that makes you want to get a hot dog
what is nutritional informatics?
intersection between nutrition, information, and technology
MIS system
What is synergy?
working together to achieve an output; a group’s decision is superior to an individual decision
What are OARS techniques?
open-ended questions (establish trust and respect)
affirmations (affirm client’s strengths and abilities)
reflective listening (listen and share what client expressed)
summarize (checks understanding of client’s goals)
What are the 5 principles of Motivational Interviewing?
- express empathy (acknowledge and validate client’s feelings)
- develop discrepancy (show client differences between their goals and current behaviors
- avoid arguments
- roll with resistance
- support self-efficacy
What are the 4 processes of MI?
- engaging (ask for permission to help)
- focusing (set agenda)
- evoking (change talk and sustain talk)
- planning (use SMART objectives; comes from client)
What is the ETHNIC model?
- Explain (ask pt open-ended questions to explain condition/sx/reason for visit)
- treatment (ask what type of tx they’re seeking and what they’re currently doing)
- healers (non-traditional services)
- negotiation (what changes do they want to see with this visit)
- intervention (discuss tx plan you created for pt)
- collaboration (interprofessional)
What is the BATHE model?
- background (understand their background)
- affect (how it affects them)
- trouble (what is most concerning?)
- handling (how have you handled problem before?)
- empathy (show support)
What is the LEARN framework?
5-step plan that allows culturally sensitive tx plan
- Listen (active listening and be empathetic)
- Explain (use “I”; explain your perception of problem)
- Acknowledge and discuss differences
- Recommend appropriate tx
- Negotiate tx
What is the Campinha-Bancote Model?
process of cultural competence
- cultural awareness (analyze your own bias)
- cultural encounters (encounter other cultures)
- cultural knowledge (learn about other cultures)
- cultural skills (demonstrate ability to conduct culturally sensitive tx)
- cultural desires (demonstrate interest in becoming culturally competent)
What is HBM?
health belief model
person must perceive severity of the disease (perceived threat) which is a behavior-motivation factor
What is TTM?
transtheoretical model
- pre-contemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
- termination
- relapse
What is SCT?
social cognitive theory
- people are more likely to carry out a task or behave a certain way if they feel confident in their abilities to carry out the task
- must support self-efficacy
- how a person’s environment impacts their behavior and how their behavior influences environment
- interrelation between personal, behavioral and environmental factors
What is CBT?
cognitive behavioral therapy
- used in ED patients
- identifies behaviors or thoughts that have a negative impact and work to change it
- can use it when client relapses back to their old behavior; identify what is triggering their relapse and work through the behavior change
