Nutrition Macronutrients Video FC Flashcards
What is the best food source for Omega 3 fatty acids?
Fish! Paleo diet
What can a deficiency of Omega 3 FAs cause?
Dermatologic and Cardiovascular issues
What can a toxicity of Omega-3 FAs cause? From what kind specifically?
Vitamin A toxicity d/t Cod Liver oil
What are some indications for Omega 3 FA supplementation? (6)
Atherosclerosis (CAD) HLD Immune health function Mental health issues DM Decrease inflammation (anti-inflammatory) MANY MANY MORE
What is the recommended Omega 3 FA dose for CVD?
1 g combined DPA/DHA
What is the recommended Omega 3 FA dose for Mental Health?
2-3 g (3 EPA : 1 DHA ratio)
What is the recommended Omega 3 FA dose for Dermatologic conditions (i.e. eczema, atopic dermatitis)?
4-6 g (EPA > DHA ratio)
When is it better to have a higher ratio of DHA to EPA when it comes to omega-3 FAs?
Brain stuff - infants, pregnancy, post-concussion, TBI
What is the main supplemental form of Omega-6 FAs?
GLA
When are Omega-6 FAs indicated?
Allergies, RA, Asthma, Hormonal issues
What are some food sources of GLA?
Veggies
Borage
Evening Primrose oil
If the pt has eczema, what is the best form of FA to prescribe?
What if the pt is complaining of itching d/t eczema?
Omega 3s d/t anti-inflammatory effects
Omega-6 (GLA) for itching specifically
What is the MC source of Omega-9 FAs? What food sources is it found in?
Oleic acid
Olive oil, peanuts, avocados, almonds
What are indications for Omega-9 FAs?
to DEC BP
Atherosclerosis
DEC cholesterol
How would you rank the FA in order of best to worst to supplement?
3s, 9s, 6s, Saturated, Trans
What is the RDA for saturated FAs? And what foods are they found in?
20 g/day
Animal products
What are some toxicity concerns for sat. FAs?
INC CVD
Colon CA
Where are trans FAs found in food?
Hydrogenated oils
Processed foods
What can trans FAs cause?
Atherosclerosis
What toxicity concern is there for a diet high in simple carbohydrates?
DM, PMS issues, decreased immune function, dental issues
What are some indications for simple carbs?
Topical honey on wounds
Dextrose IV fluids to stabilize
What is the RDA for complex carbs? And food sources?
300 g (60-70% of total cals)
Fruits, veggies, grains
What are some indications for complex carbs?
Blood sugar regulation
Hypoglycemia
What are some toxicity issues for complex carbs?
CVD, obesity
How does water-soluble vs. water-insoluble fiber act on the body?
Water soluble: absorbs water and forms a gel-like substance
Water insoluble: does not absorb water and makes stool easier to pass
What are indications for water soluble fiber?
CVD, DM, IBS, GI issues
What are food sources for water soluble fiber?
oatmeal, nuts, beans, apples
What are indications for water insoluble fiber?
weight loss, GI/digestive issues
What are food sources for water insoluble fiber?
seeds, whole wheat bread, brown rice, fruit skins
What is the RDA for protein?
50 g or 0.8/kg/day
What are the essential proteins and what is the mnemonic to remember them?
PVT TIM HALL (Private Tim Hall)
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine
Pros don’t get Tyred
(not Proline and Tyrosine)
What are the 2 types of protein deficiency and do you tell them apart?
Prot. Def ALONE = Kwashiorkor
Sx: hypoalbuminemia, edema, hepatosplenomegaly
Prot. and Cal Def COMBINED = Marasmus
Sx: hunger, diarrhea, muscle and fat wasting
What are some risks of too much protein in the diet (or conditions that may lead you towards a low protein diet)?
INC risk of CVD Kidney issues (renal disease, kidney failure) Gout flares Urolithiasis (promotes stone formation) Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis
What are some reasons to have increased protein in the diet?
Pregnancy
Pre-eclampsia
