nutrition in humans

Question 1

what does dietary fibre do and where do you get it from

Answer 1

provides bulk for the intestine to push the food through
vegetables, whole grains

Question 1

what are the seven food groups

Answer 1

carbs
proteins
lipids
vitamins
minerals
fibre
water

Question 2

what does vitamins do and where do you get it from

Answer 2

small quantities to maintain health
fruits and vegetables

Question 3

where do you get minerals from and why do you need them

Answer 3

needed to maintain health
fruit, veg, meats, dairy

Question 4

why do you need water and where do you get it.

Answer 4

needed for chemical reactions in cells
water, juice, milk, fruits and veg

Question 5

what dis vitamin a needed for

Answer 5

need for vison
carrots, fish, cheese, eggs

Question 6

whats is vitamin c needed for

Answer 6

needed for collagen (skin, hair, bones)
citrus fruit, strawberries

Question 7

vitamin D needed for

Answer 7

this helps the body to absorb calcium so are required for strong bones and teeth
fish, eggs, liver, sunlight.

Question 8

what is calcium need for

Answer 8

needed for strong teeth and bones
milk, cheese, eggs

Question 9

what is iron needed for

Answer 9

it need to make haemoglobin in red blood cells
red meets, leafy greens

Question 10

what are the three factors that affect the amount of energy requirements

Answer 10

age, activity levels, pregnancy

Question 11

what is the function of the mouth

Answer 11

this is where mechanical digestion takes place
it also secretes amylase enzymes

Question 12

what is the role of the oesophagus

Answer 12

this connects the mouth and stomach, it moves the food with gravity

Question 13

what is the role of the stomach

Answer 13

it is mechanically digested by churning, acid is present to kill bacteria in food and to get the best ph for protease

Question 14

what is the role of the small intestine

Answer 14

food out of the stomach goes into the duodenum and enzymes are secreted
next section is the ileum where the absorption of digested good molecules take place

Question 15

large intestine

Answer 15

water is aposrbed
faeces are created

Question 16

pancreas

Answer 16

this produced three types of enzymes these are amylase, protease and lipase
it also secrete bile to neutralise the ph

Question 17

what is the purpose of digestion

Answer 17

to break down large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 17

why is food digested mechanically

Answer 17

to break into small pieces which increases the surface area for enzymes

Question 18

what is chemical digestion controlled by

Answer 18

enzymes

Question 19

main types of digestive enzymes

Answer 19

carbohydrates, proteases and lipases

Question 20

what is the order of carbs being broken down

Answer 20

salivary amylases digest starch into maltose which is further digested by pancreatic amylase into glucose.

Question 21

what are th tow main enzymes that break down proteins

Answer 21

pepsin, trypsin both of them break down proteins into amino acids

Question 22

what are the enzymes that break down lipids

Answer 22

lipase enzymes are produced in the pancreases and secreted into the duodenum. they digest lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 23

where is bile produced and stored

Answer 23

liver and gall bladder

Question 24

what connect liver and small intestine

Answer 24

hepatic duct and bile duct

Question 25

what is pancreatic duct connected to

Answer 25

pancreases and small intestine

Question 26

what are the two role of bile

Answer 26

it is alkaline to neutralise the hydrochloric acid
it breaks down fats into smaller ones this is known as emulsification