nutrition in humans Flashcards
what does dietary fibre do and where do you get it from
provides bulk for the intestine to push the food through
vegetables, whole grains
what are the seven food groups
carbs
proteins
lipids
vitamins
minerals
fibre
water
what does vitamins do and where do you get it from
small quantities to maintain health
fruits and vegetables
where do you get minerals from and why do you need them
needed to maintain health
fruit, veg, meats, dairy
why do you need water and where do you get it.
needed for chemical reactions in cells
water, juice, milk, fruits and veg
what dis vitamin a needed for
need for vison
carrots, fish, cheese, eggs
whats is vitamin c needed for
needed for collagen (skin, hair, bones)
citrus fruit, strawberries
vitamin D needed for
this helps the body to absorb calcium so are required for strong bones and teeth
fish, eggs, liver, sunlight.
what is calcium need for
needed for strong teeth and bones
milk, cheese, eggs
what is iron needed for
it need to make haemoglobin in red blood cells
red meets, leafy greens
what are the three factors that affect the amount of energy requirements
age, activity levels, pregnancy
what is the function of the mouth
this is where mechanical digestion takes place
it also secretes amylase enzymes
what is the role of the oesophagus
this connects the mouth and stomach, it moves the food with gravity
what is the role of the stomach
it is mechanically digested by churning, acid is present to kill bacteria in food and to get the best ph for protease
what is the role of the small intestine
food out of the stomach goes into the duodenum and enzymes are secreted
next section is the ileum where the absorption of digested good molecules take place
large intestine
water is aposrbed
faeces are created
pancreas
this produced three types of enzymes these are amylase, protease and lipase
it also secrete bile to neutralise the ph
what is the purpose of digestion
to break down large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
why is food digested mechanically
to break into small pieces which increases the surface area for enzymes
what is chemical digestion controlled by
enzymes
main types of digestive enzymes
carbohydrates, proteases and lipases
what is the order of carbs being broken down
salivary amylases digest starch into maltose which is further digested by pancreatic amylase into glucose.
what are th tow main enzymes that break down proteins
pepsin, trypsin both of them break down proteins into amino acids
what are the enzymes that break down lipids
lipase enzymes are produced in the pancreases and secreted into the duodenum. they digest lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
where is bile produced and stored
liver and gall bladder
what connect liver and small intestine
hepatic duct and bile duct
what is pancreatic duct connected to
pancreases and small intestine
what are the two role of bile
it is alkaline to neutralise the hydrochloric acid
it breaks down fats into smaller ones this is known as emulsification
