EXCRETION IN HUMANS

Question 1

What is excretion

Answer 1

the removal of waste products of metabolic reaction, toxic substances and substances in excess of requirements.

Question 2

What is osmoregulation

Answer 2

this is the control of water content in the body

Question 3

what does the kidney remove

Answer 3

Urea, excess water and excess salts from the blood

Question 4

what does the products of the liver create

Answer 4

urine

Question 5

what happens with water in the kidney

Answer 5

it is regulated depending on what the level is in the blood.

Question 6

how is this monitored

Answer 6

it is monitored by the brain and a hormone called ADH it used to communicate with the kidney

Question 7

what artery is connected to the kidney

Answer 7

aorta

Question 8

what vein is connected to the kidney

Answer 8

renal artery

Question 9

what connects the kidney to the bladder

Answer 9

ureter

Question 10

what takes urine out of the body

Answer 10

urethra

Question 11

what is the renal artery

Answer 11

takes oxygenated blood containing urea and salt to kidneys

Question 12

what is a kidney

Answer 12

an organ that filters out the blood

Question 13

what is a bladder

Answer 13

organ that stores urine.

Question 14

what is a nephron

Answer 14

this is the functional unit of the kidney

Question 15

what happens in the nephron

Answer 15

it is where filtration of blood takes place

Question 16

structure of nephron

Answer 16

they are very small, they have their own bloody supply, branching off the renal artery.

Question 17

what is the bowman capsule

Answer 17

it collects filtrate forced out of the glomerulus and allows to enter kidney tubes.

Question 18

what is a glomerulus

Answer 18

it filters bloody by increasing pressure to produce filtrate to enter Bowman’s capsule

Question 19

Convoluted tubules

Answer 19

filtrate flows through these and useful substance in the filtrate are reabsorbed back into the blood capillaries wound around them.

Question 20

loop of Henle

Answer 20

it maintains water concentrations in the body by filtering out salts

Question 21

collecting duct

Answer 21

it reabsorbs water back into the blood depending on levels of ADH in blood and collects urine to pass on to the ureter

Question 22

what is ultrafiltration

Answer 22

all blood is filtered and wall water, urea and salts more into the nephron tubule,

Question 23

in ultrafiltration what is taken out of blood

Answer 23

water, salts, glucose, urea

Question 24

first process of ultrafiltration

Answer 24

arterioles branch of the renal artery and lead to each nephron, where they go to the glomerulus sitting inside bowman’s capsule

Question 25

second process of ultrafiltration

Answer 25

the capillaries get narrower as they get further into the glomerulus which increases the pressure on the blood moving through them.

Question 26

third process of ultrafiltration

Answer 26

this causes small molecule being carried on the blood forced out of the capillaries and into the bowman's capsule.

Question 27

substances taken out if blood during ultrafiltration

Answer 27

glucose, water, urea and salts

Question 28

where is water reabsorbed at

Answer 28

collecting duct

Question 29

where is salt reabsorbed at

Answer 29

loop of Henle

Question 30

where is glucose reabsorbed at

Answer 30

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 31

where is urea reabsorbed at

Answer 31

not reabsorbed

Question 32

what comes after the bowman's capsule

Answer 32

PCT

Question 33

what comes after the PCT

Answer 33

loop of Henle

Question 34

what comes after loop of Henle

Answer 34

DCT

Question 35

what come after the DCT

Answer 35

collecting duct

Question 36

how is glucose reabsorbed

Answer 36

active transport

Question 37

how is the nephron adapted for active transport

Answer 37

high number of mitochondria

Question 38

what is diabetes

Answer 38

people who can't control their blood Suger levels

Question 39

if you have diabetes where does urine sometimes go

Answer 39

in their urine

Question 40

how is water reabsorbed

Answer 40

osmosis

Question 41

what does ADH do

Answer 41

it lowers the amount of water reabsorbed into the blood

Question 42

where is ADH created

Answer 42

its is created in the pituitary gland