Nutrition in Health and Disease Flashcards
What is the fixed component for energy demand within the body?
Basal requirements - membrane function with pumps, transports and signalling
Mechanical work - cellular and tissue level (muscles contracting)
Substrate turnover - cells are continually breaking down components and making them up again
what are the variable components of energy demand within the body?
Cost of processing the dietary intake - digestion itself
Cost of Physical activity - if short of energy we can reduce this
Cost of maintaining body temperature - harder
Cost of growth
2 key types of malnutrition?
Marasmus - loss of muscle, no reserve
Kwashiorkor - swollen belly
both protein calorie malnutrition but Kwashiokor is with an acute or chronic inflammatory component
Define the term malnutrition
A state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein, and other nutrients, causes measurable adverse effects on tissue / body form, (body size, shape, composition) body function and clinical outcome
What is the first law of thermodynamics in regards to nutrition?
we cannot make or destroy energy
excess energy - weight gain and vice versa
How do you calculate a person’s BMI?
Weight/ height
What metabolic syndromes can come about from obesity
hypertension CVD Type 2 diabetes Fatty liver NASH - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Cirrhosis
BMI less < 20 means what?
underweight
BMI < 18 means what
physical impairment
MI < 16
increasingly severe consequences
What is the malnutrition universal screening tool?
Picks up patients at risk of malnutrition
Validated in the community and hospital
Can be carried out by people without special training
Step 1 of MUST
Measure height + weight
calculate BMI
if < 20 score 1
if < 18 score 2
Step 2 of MUST
Ask patient if they have lost weight unintentionally in the last 3-6 months
Yes - 10% Score 2
Yes 5% score 1
Step 3 of MUST
Has the patient eaten in the last 5 days
No - score 2
Results of MUST scoring system and what they mean
A score over 2 suggests a risk of undernutrition
Score 1: supplements and watch
Score 0: Monitor
