Alimentary canal Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 functions of the digestive system

A

digestion (by process of absorption and secretion)
secretion
absorption
motility

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2
Q

function of gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile

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3
Q

function of small intestine

A

chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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4
Q

what is the structure of the alimentary canal like?

A

continuous hollow tube
varying diameter
starts at oesophagus and ends at the rectum

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5
Q

what are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal called?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa/adventitia

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6
Q

3 layers of mucosa

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae (thin smooth muscle layer)

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7
Q

what type of epithelium is in the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

stratified squamous

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8
Q

what type of epithelium is in the stomach, small and large intestine?

A

simple columnar

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9
Q

what is the submucosa

A

thick, irregular connective tissue that supports mucosa

contains neurones, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

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10
Q

where are there submucossal glands? (2 places)

A

oesophagus

duodenum

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11
Q

what does the adventitia do outside the peritoneal cavity?

A

Adventitia attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

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12
Q

what does the serosa do inside the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serosa surrounds the liver, the stomach, spleen, start of the small intestine and the ileum, the transverse colon and the sigmoid colon.

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13
Q

muscularis externa 2 layers are made of what types of muscle?

A

smooth muscle

inner layer - circular muscle - constricts the tube
outer layer - longitudinal. When they contract the tube shortens

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14
Q

what is the plexus called between circular and longitudinal muscle

A

myenteric

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15
Q

what is the enteric nervous system made up of? what is it’s function/ significance

A

submucosal and myenteric plexuses

independent control of gut function - like the gut’s own brain

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16
Q

autonomic control of alimentary function

A

long parasympathetic and short ENS reflexes

17
Q

parasympathetic control of alimentary function is carried out by what?

A

vagus nerve
N.B parasympathetic = peace = rest and digest
so it is therefore stimulatory

stimulatory - increases secretion and motility

18
Q

what nerves are used for salivation

A

facial and glossopharyngeal

19
Q

sympathetic control of alimentary function

A

splanchnic nerve

inhibitory (except salivation) decreases secretion and motility

20
Q

3 branches of abdominal aorta?

A

Celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

21
Q

which organs does the celiac trunk supply?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

22
Q

which organs does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

ie the midgut

23
Q

which organs does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

ie the hindgut

24
Q

where does the heptaic portal vein drain to?

A

the hepatic vein which in turn drains to the inferior vena cava

25
Blood from the stomach drains into which veins?
gastric veins
26
Blood from the pancreas drains into which veins?
splenic veins
27
where does blood from the Small intestine, Caecum, Ascending colon and Transverse colon drain to?
superior mesenteric vein
28
where does blood from the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum drain to?
inferior mesenteric vein
29
lymphatic system link with gut?
products of fat digestion go through this
30
what is the myenteric plexus?
nerve network between circular and longitudinal muscle
31
true or false: there is no conscious control of gut function?
true - it is all done automatically some reflexes occur just within the ENS whereas some also involve the CNS