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Nutrition in adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

adolescence age range

A

11-21y

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2
Q

What is Puberty?

A
  • child’s body maturing into an adult body
  • biological, emotional, social and psychological changes
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3
Q

adolescence undergo a 2nd __________spurt

A

growth spurt

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4
Q

what are the 4 biological changes of puberty?

A
  • sexual maturation
  • increases in ht and wt
  • accumulation of skeletal mass
  • changes in body composition
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5
Q

What is the Sexual Maturation Rating or “Tanner stages”?

A

it is a scale of secondary sexual characteristics (breasts, genitalia and pubic hair) used to assess degree of pubertal maturation

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6
Q

What are the 3 Sexual Maturation Ratings?

A

SMR 1= prepubertal growth and development
SMR 2-4 = occurrences of puberty
SMR 5 = sexual maturation has concluded

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7
Q

Maturation and growth of females:
- initial development of _________
- when?

A

initial development of breast buds
- 2-4 years before menarche

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8
Q

Maturation and growth of females: What is menarche?

A

onset of first menstrual period

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9
Q

Maturation and growth of females: Age range of menarche?

A

9-17 y

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10
Q

Maturation and growth of females: age range of female peak linear growth?

A

6-12 month prior to menarche

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11
Q

Maturation and growth of females: What can delay or slow growth?

A

severely restrictive diets

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12
Q

Maturation and growth of males: what occurs during SMR 4?

A

peak velocity of linear growth

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13
Q

Maturation and growth of males: when does linear growth cease?

A

age 21

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14
Q

Maturation and growth of males: peask weight gain coincides with timing of ___________ and ______________

A

timing of peak linear growth and peak muscle mass accumulation

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15
Q

Maturation and growth of males: body fat percentage

A

decreases to 12%

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16
Q

normal psychological development: adolescents can develop (4)

A
  • personal identity
  • moral and ethical value system
  • feelings of self- esteem or self-worth
  • a vision of occupational aspirations
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17
Q

What factors affect eating behaviors? (7)

A
  • parental modeling
  • food availability, preferences and cost
  • personal and cultural beliefs
  • peer influence
  • mass media
  • body image
  • education
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18
Q

how does tv effect food intake?

A
  • Tv viewing is inversely related with fruit and vegetable intake
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19
Q

Adolescent eating behavior (5)

A
  • frequent dieting
  • unhealthy dieting practices
  • meal skipping
  • frequent snacking
  • Fast food appeal (high in fat and sugar)
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20
Q

NHANES adolescent diet fat and sugar percentage

A

Data from NHANES found adolescents’ diets
consist of 32% of calories from fat & 21%
from added sugars

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21
Q

energy 9-13y boy

A

2279

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22
Q

energy 9-13y girl

A

2071

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23
Q

energy 14-18y boy

A

3152

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24
Q

energy 14-18y girl

A

2368

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25
protein 9-13y
0.95 g/kg/d or 34 g/d
26
protein 14-18y
0.85 g/kg/d; 52 (M), 46 (F) g/d
27
Low protein intake is linked to ? (3)
- reductions in linear growth - delays in sexual maturation - reduced LBM
28
Risk group for protein intake
gymnast, strict vegetarian, food allergy
29
CHO:Protein:fat ratio
45-65:10-30:25-35
30
BMI category: underweight
<5th percentile
31
BMI category: Healthy wegith
5th ~ <85th percentile
32
BMI category: over weight
85th ~ <95th percentile
33
BMI category: obese
>=95th percentile
34
Calcium intake
Adolescence (during peak growth periods) : 200 mg-300 mg/d Ca is retained as bone
35
Why is calcium intake important during adolescence?
- Adolescence is critical for optimal Ca retention to achieve peak bone mass
36
When is peak bone mass achieved? males
24 year
37
When is peak bone mass achieved? females
26 years
38
calcium DRI 9-18y
1,300 mg/d
39
Calcium risk group
- rapid growth - diet practices - substituting soda for milk - low vit D
40
Iron DRI 9-13y
8 mg/d
41
Iron DRI 14-18y male
11 mg/d
42
Iron DRI 14-18y females
15 mg/d
43
iron form heme
-Found in hemoglobin of animal products -In the highly available ferrous state (Fe++)
44
iron non heme
-Found in plant foods -In the less available ferric state (Fe+++)
45
Zinc's importance during adolescence
-synthesis of DNA & protein -its role in over 200 enzymes -normal growth & sexual maturation
46
Adolescents at risk for zinc deficiency
-vegans -high fiber intake -iron supplements
47
Zinc DRI 14-18y male
11 mg/d
48
Zinc DRI 14-18y female
9 mg/d
49
Folate is required for
DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis
50
Folate DRI 9-13y
300 ug
51
Folate DRI 14-18y
400 ug
52
Folate added to fortified foods is _______ ________ than folate from natural foods
better absorbed
53
Why is folate intake for female adolescents important?
Adequate folate intake for female adolescents reduces incidence of birth defects like spina bifida
54
Adolescence Nutrition Assessment
-Wt, ht & BMI (CDC chart) -Disordered eating tendencies -Blood lipid levels -Blood pressure -Iron status (hemoglobin/hematocrit) -Food security/insecurity -Dietary intake/adequacy
55
PA recommendations
60 minutes or more
56
Nutrition-related concerns in adolescence
1. Overweight & obesity 2. Competitive sports 3. Substance use & abuse 4. Eating disorders 5. Hypertension & hyperlipidemia 6. Chronic health conditions
57
Substance abuse in adolescence risks
decrease milk, fruit, and vegetables consumption - increase snacking - smoking -> oral cancer, infant low birth weight
58
Adolescent pregnancy rate
42/1000 15-19yrs
59
Teen pregnancy needs
- >25-35 lb - protein 1.1g/kg - supplements Fe, Vit B6, Vit C, folate and calcium
60
61
Nutrition influences
independence, body image, peer relationship, and sexuality

Nutr607 (4 decks)

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