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Nutr607 > Nutrition in adolescence > Flashcards

Nutrition in adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

adolescence age range

A

11-21y

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2
Q

What is Puberty?

A
  • child’s body maturing into an adult body
  • biological, emotional, social and psychological changes
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3
Q

adolescence undergo a 2nd __________spurt

A

growth spurt

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4
Q

what are the 4 biological changes of puberty?

A
  • sexual maturation
  • increases in ht and wt
  • accumulation of skeletal mass
  • changes in body composition
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5
Q

What is the Sexual Maturation Rating or “Tanner stages”?

A

it is a scale of secondary sexual characteristics (breasts, genitalia and pubic hair) used to assess degree of pubertal maturation

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6
Q

What are the 3 Sexual Maturation Ratings?

A

SMR 1= prepubertal growth and development
SMR 2-4 = occurrences of puberty
SMR 5 = sexual maturation has concluded

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7
Q

Maturation and growth of females:
- initial development of _________
- when?

A

initial development of breast buds
- 2-4 years before menarche

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8
Q

Maturation and growth of females: What is menarche?

A

onset of first menstrual period

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9
Q

Maturation and growth of females: Age range of menarche?

A

9-17 y

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10
Q

Maturation and growth of females: age range of female peak linear growth?

A

6-12 month prior to menarche

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11
Q

Maturation and growth of females: What can delay or slow growth?

A

severely restrictive diets

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12
Q

Maturation and growth of males: what occurs during SMR 4?

A

peak velocity of linear growth

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13
Q

Maturation and growth of males: when does linear growth cease?

A

age 21

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14
Q

Maturation and growth of males: peask weight gain coincides with timing of ___________ and ______________

A

timing of peak linear growth and peak muscle mass accumulation

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15
Q

Maturation and growth of males: body fat percentage

A

decreases to 12%

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16
Q

normal psychological development: adolescents can develop (4)

A
  • personal identity
  • moral and ethical value system
  • feelings of self- esteem or self-worth
  • a vision of occupational aspirations
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17
Q

What factors affect eating behaviors? (7)

A
  • parental modeling
  • food availability, preferences and cost
  • personal and cultural beliefs
  • peer influence
  • mass media
  • body image
  • education
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18
Q

how does tv effect food intake?

A
  • Tv viewing is inversely related with fruit and vegetable intake
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19
Q

Adolescent eating behavior (5)

A
  • frequent dieting
  • unhealthy dieting practices
  • meal skipping
  • frequent snacking
  • Fast food appeal (high in fat and sugar)
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20
Q

NHANES adolescent diet fat and sugar percentage

A

Data from NHANES found adolescents’ diets
consist of 32% of calories from fat & 21%
from added sugars

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21
Q

energy 9-13y boy

A

2279

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22
Q

energy 9-13y girl

A

2071

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23
Q

energy 14-18y boy

A

3152

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24
Q

energy 14-18y girl

A

2368

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25
Q

protein 9-13y

A

0.95 g/kg/d or 34 g/d

26
Q

protein 14-18y

A

0.85 g/kg/d; 52 (M), 46 (F) g/d

27
Q

Low protein intake is linked to ? (3)

A
  • reductions in linear growth
  • delays in sexual maturation
  • reduced LBM
28
Q

Risk group for protein intake

A

gymnast, strict vegetarian, food allergy

29
Q

CHO:Protein:fat ratio

A

45-65:10-30:25-35

30
Q

BMI category: underweight

A

<5th percentile

31
Q

BMI category: Healthy wegith

A

5th ~ <85th percentile

32
Q

BMI category: over weight

A

85th ~ <95th percentile

33
Q

BMI category: obese

A

> =95th percentile

34
Q

Calcium intake

A

Adolescence (during peak growth periods)
: 200 mg-300 mg/d Ca is retained as bone

35
Q

Why is calcium intake important during adolescence?

A
  • Adolescence is critical for optimal Ca retention to
    achieve peak bone mass
36
Q

When is peak bone mass achieved? males

A

24 year

37
Q

When is peak bone mass achieved? females

A

26 years

38
Q

calcium DRI 9-18y

A

1,300 mg/d

39
Q

Calcium risk group

A
  • rapid growth
  • diet practices
  • substituting soda for milk
  • low vit D
40
Q

Iron DRI 9-13y

A

8 mg/d

41
Q

Iron DRI 14-18y male

A

11 mg/d

42
Q

Iron DRI 14-18y females

A

15 mg/d

43
Q

iron form heme

A

-Found in hemoglobin of animal products
-In the highly available ferrous state (Fe++)

44
Q

iron non heme

A

-Found in plant foods
-In the less available ferric state (Fe+++)

45
Q

Zinc’s importance during adolescence

A

-synthesis of DNA & protein
-its role in over 200 enzymes
-normal growth & sexual maturation

46
Q

Adolescents at risk for zinc deficiency

A

-vegans
-high fiber intake
-iron supplements

47
Q

Zinc DRI 14-18y male

A

11 mg/d

48
Q

Zinc DRI 14-18y female

A

9 mg/d

49
Q

Folate is required for

A

DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis

50
Q

Folate DRI 9-13y

A

300 ug

51
Q

Folate DRI 14-18y

A

400 ug

52
Q

Folate added to fortified foods is _______ ________ than
folate from natural foods

A

better absorbed

53
Q

Why is folate intake for female adolescents important?

A

Adequate folate intake for female adolescents reduces
incidence of birth defects like spina bifida

54
Q

Adolescence Nutrition Assessment

A

-Wt, ht & BMI (CDC chart)
-Disordered eating tendencies
-Blood lipid levels
-Blood pressure
-Iron status (hemoglobin/hematocrit)
-Food security/insecurity
-Dietary intake/adequacy

55
Q

PA recommendations

A

60 minutes or more

56
Q

Nutrition-related concerns in adolescence

A
  1. Overweight & obesity
  2. Competitive sports
  3. Substance use & abuse
  4. Eating disorders
  5. Hypertension & hyperlipidemia
  6. Chronic health conditions
57
Q

Substance abuse in adolescence risks

A

decrease milk, fruit, and vegetables consumption
- increase snacking
- smoking -> oral cancer, infant low birth weight

58
Q

Adolescent pregnancy rate

A

42/1000 15-19yrs

59
Q

Teen pregnancy needs

A
  • > 25-35 lb
  • protein 1.1g/kg
  • supplements Fe, Vit B6, Vit C, folate and calcium
60
Q
A
61
Q

Nutrition influences

A

independence, body image, peer relationship, and sexuality

Nutr607 (4 decks)

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