Lecture 2: Nutrition for premature infants Flashcards
Premature infants: less than ______ weeks
37
Premature infants types (4)
Low birth weight (LBW)=<2500gm
Very low birth weight (VLBW)=<1500gm
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW)=<1000gm
Micropremies=<750 gm (range of 800-500gm)
Low birth weight (LBW) is less than _______gm
2500gm
Very low birth weight (VLBW) is less than ________g
1500gm
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW)
is less than ________gm
1000gm
Micropremies is less than _______gm (range of 800-500gm
750gm
Survival chances of premature babies depend on _____?
weeks of gestation; lower weeks = lower survival rate
list the 10 potential problems of premature infants
- Undernutrition
- Poor growth
- Glucose instability
- Hypoglycemia
- GI malabsorption
- Decreased GI motility
- Respiratory problem
- Heat loss
- Infection
- Inflammation
What are the 10 etiological factors for SGA birth?
- Poor nutrition and
- poor gestation weight gain
- Genetics
- Pregnancy-induced hypertension (Eclampsia)
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Intrauterine infection
- Smoking
- Alcohol abuse
- Maternal age young or advance
What is enteral nutrition?
A way to provide food through a
tube placed in the nose, the stomach, or the small
intestine
What is nasogastric or nasoenteral?
enteral nutrition through nose
What is PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastromy
enteral nutrition through stomach
What is PEJ percutaneous endoscopic jejuostomy?
enteral nutrition through small intestine
Enteral Nutrition kcal needs
105-103 kcal/kg/d
Enteral Nutrition protein needs
3.5-4g/kg/d
Enteral Nutrition Fat content needs
5-7 g/kg/day
What is PN parenteral nutrition
feeding directly to a vein
What is peripheral PN?
route is used for partial or
supplemental parenteral nutrition.
Short term
What is central PN?
is delivered by a venous
catheter with the tip in central location.
Long term
TPN
What macronutrients are found in TPN total parenteral nutrition?
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fats
Carbohydrate type and kcal found in TPN total parenteral nutrition?
Dextrose Solution (3.4kcal/g)
Protein type and kcal found in TPN total parenteral nutrition?
Amino acid solution (4 kcal/g, TrophAmine +
cysteine)
Fats type and kcal found in TPN total parenteral nutrition?
Lipid emulsion (Omegaven, SMOFlipid)
Soy oil, MCT oil, olive oil and fish oil
EFA: 0.5-1 g/kg/d
When do you feed PN?
Bowel rest is needed
GI malformation
Desired nutrition intervention outcome? ___ -> _____ -> _______
PN to EN to PO (BM or IF)
Parenteral Feeding kcal needs
90-100 kcal/kg/day
Parental Feeding protein needs
2.7-4 g/kg/d
Parenteral Feeding FAt needs
1-3 g/kg/d
Why is Parenteral feeding needs less than EN?
No need to count for fecal loss or TEF
Premature electrolyte requirements
Ca, Phosphorus, Mg, and Na and k once renal status is normal and diuretics begins
Premature Nutrition Assessment
A- daily weight and weekly height/HC
B- blood nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes, function markers, urine N balance
C- Tonicity of abdomenand body coposition
D- feeding tolerance, wet diapers and stools
Premature growth chart
Fenton and Olsen intrauterine
