Lecture 2: Nutrition for premature infants

Question 1

Premature infants: less than ______ weeks

Answer 1

37

Question 2

Premature infants types (4)

Answer 2

 Low birth weight (LBW)=<2500gm
 Very low birth weight (VLBW)=<1500gm
 Extremely low birth weight (ELBW)=<1000gm
 Micropremies=<750 gm (range of 800-500gm)

Question 3

Low birth weight (LBW) is less than _______gm

Answer 3

2500gm

Question 4

Very low birth weight (VLBW) is less than ________g

Answer 4

1500gm

Question 5

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW)
is less than ________gm

Answer 5

1000gm

Question 6

Micropremies is less than _______gm (range of 800-500gm

Answer 6

750gm

Question 7

Survival chances of premature babies depend on _____?

Answer 7

weeks of gestation; lower weeks = lower survival rate

Question 8

list the 10 potential problems of premature infants

Answer 8

• Undernutrition
• Poor growth
• Glucose instability
• Hypoglycemia
• GI malabsorption
• Decreased GI motility
• Respiratory problem
• Heat loss
• Infection
• Inflammation

Question 9

What are the 10 etiological factors for SGA birth?

Answer 9

• Poor nutrition and
• poor gestation weight gain
• Genetics
• Pregnancy-induced hypertension (Eclampsia)
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Intrauterine infection
• Smoking
• Alcohol abuse
• Maternal age young or advance

Question 10

What is enteral nutrition?

Answer 10

A way to provide food through a
tube placed in the nose, the stomach, or the small
intestine

Question 11

What is nasogastric or nasoenteral?

Answer 11

enteral nutrition through nose

Question 12

What is PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastromy

Answer 12

enteral nutrition through stomach

Question 13

What is PEJ percutaneous endoscopic jejuostomy?

Answer 13

enteral nutrition through small intestine

Question 14

Enteral Nutrition kcal needs

Answer 14

105-103 kcal/kg/d

Question 15

Enteral Nutrition protein needs

Answer 15

3.5-4g/kg/d

Question 16

Enteral Nutrition Fat content needs

Answer 16

5-7 g/kg/day

Question 17

What is PN parenteral nutrition

Answer 17

feeding directly to a vein

Question 18

What is peripheral PN?

Answer 18

route is used for partial or
supplemental parenteral nutrition.
 Short term

Question 19

What is central PN?

Answer 19

is delivered by a venous
catheter with the tip in central location.
 Long term
 TPN

Question 20

What macronutrients are found in TPN total parenteral nutrition?

Answer 20

Carbohydrate
Protein
Fats

Question 21

Carbohydrate type and kcal found in TPN total parenteral nutrition?

Answer 21

Dextrose Solution (3.4kcal/g)

Question 22

Protein type and kcal found in TPN total parenteral nutrition?

Answer 22

Amino acid solution (4 kcal/g, TrophAmine +
cysteine)

Question 23

Fats type and kcal found in TPN total parenteral nutrition?

Answer 23

 Lipid emulsion (Omegaven, SMOFlipid)
 Soy oil, MCT oil, olive oil and fish oil
 EFA: 0.5-1 g/kg/d

Question 24

When do you feed PN?

Answer 24

 Bowel rest is needed
 GI malformation

Question 25

Desired nutrition intervention outcome? ___ -> _____ -> _______

Answer 25

PN to EN to PO (BM or IF)

Question 26

Parenteral Feeding kcal needs

Answer 26

90-100 kcal/kg/day

Question 27

Parental Feeding protein needs

Answer 27

2.7-4 g/kg/d

Question 28

Parenteral Feeding FAt needs

Answer 28

1-3 g/kg/d

Question 29

Why is Parenteral feeding needs less than EN?

Answer 29

No need to count for fecal loss or TEF

Question 30

Premature electrolyte requirements

Answer 30

Ca, Phosphorus, Mg, and Na and k once renal status is normal and diuretics begins

Question 31

Premature Nutrition Assessment

Answer 31

A- daily weight and weekly height/HC
B- blood nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes, function markers, urine N balance
C- Tonicity of abdomenand body coposition
D- feeding tolerance, wet diapers and stools

Question 32

Premature growth chart

Answer 32

Fenton and Olsen intrauterine