Nutrition II Flashcards
What does ophiophagy mean?
When an animal eats snakes.
What is a graminivore?
A graminivore is a herbivorous animal that feeds primarily on grass.
What does an animal eat if it shows xylophagy?
A herbivorous animal that primarily eats wood.
What sort of feeder is a rabbit?
A fibervore
What is the definition of a nutrient?
A substance used by the body that must be supplied in adequate amounts from food consumption.
What is a protein?
Large complex molecule that plays many important roles in the body.
What is protein required for?
Structure, function and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
What are amino acids?
Molecules that combine to form proteins. (building blocks of life)
What do amino acids do?
-Break down food
-Grow and repair body tissue
-Make hormones and brain chemicals (neurotransmitters)
-Provide an energy source
-Build muscle
How many amino acids dop dogs need?
10
How many amino acids do cats need?
11
What is a fat?
A term used to describe a class of macro nutrients used in metabolism called triglycerides.
What is a carbohydrate?
Essential macronutrient that provides energy and dietary fiber to support good health.
What happens if too many carbohydrates are consumed?
Weight gain and increased risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
What are some uses of water in the body?
-Lubricates joints
-Regulates body temperature
-Function of all cells and organs
-Chemical reactions in the body
-Regulates metabolism of the products of digestion
-Prevents constipation
What are some things that could cause water loss in an animal?
-Lactating
-High body temperature
-Diarrhoea
-Vomiting
-Bleeding
What is dentition?
The arrangement or condition of the teeth in a particular species or individual.
What are the two types of teeth?
Primary(baby) / Permanent(adult)
Why is dentition important?
Poor dental health can result in long term chronic pain. Or could cause infections that then may spread
What are the 4 types of teeth?
Incisor, canine, premolar, molar
What are incisors for?
Biting
What are canines for?
Tearing
What are premolars for?
Grinding
What are molars for?
Chewing
Which animals have carnassial teeth?
Carnivores
What are carnassial teeth for?
Shearing through meat, sinew and bone
What is diastema?
Gap between the teeth
common in herbivores
What are some common dental problems?
Tartar build up, Plaque build up, Cavities, Gum disease and abscesses
How can dental problems be prevented?
-Regular dental check ups and cleanings
-Health diet
-Chew toys
-Brushing the animals teethe
What is a monogastric animal?
An animal with a single compartmented stomach
What are some examples of monogastric animals?
Poultry
Pigs
Horses
Dogs
Cats
What are most monogastric animals unable to digest?
Grasses or cellulose food materials
What are the two types of digestion?
Mechanical and chemical.
What does digestion do?
Turns foods into small pieces that are able to be carried around the body to where they are needed.
Water absoption
Which organs make up the digestive system?
Mouth-eosphagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine-anus
What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?
Mechanical
What does saliva do in the mouth?
Mixes with the food and begins to break it down into a form that the body can then absorb
