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Animal Management > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What does ophiophagy mean?

A

When an animal eats snakes

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2
Q

What is a granivore?

A

A herbivorous animal that mainly feeds on ‘true’ grasses. E.g. horses, cows, guinea pigs

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3
Q

What is an insectivore?

A

An animal that eats insects

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4
Q

What is a fruigivore?

A

An animal that feeds on fruit

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5
Q

What does xylophagy mean?

A

A herbivorous animal that mainly eats wood. E.g. insects and arthropods

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6
Q

What sort of feeder is a rabbit?

A

A fibervore

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7
Q

What is the definition of a nutrient?

A

A substance used by the body, that must be supplied in adequate amounts from food consumed

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8
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Molecules that combine to form proteins/peptides/dipeptides/polypeptides

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9
Q

How many amino acids are needed to make a peptide?

A

2 or more

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10
Q

How many amino acids are needed to make a dipeptide?

A

2

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11
Q

How many amino acids are needed to make a polypeptide?

A

3 or more

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12
Q

How many amino acids are needed to make a protein?

A

50 or more

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13
Q

How many types of amino acid are there?

A

21

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of amino acid called?

A

Essential + Non essential

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15
Q

What do amino acids do?

A

-Break down food
-Grow and repair body tissues
-Make hormones and brain chemicals
-Provide energy
-Build muscle

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16
Q

How many essential amino acids do dogs need?

A

10

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17
Q

How many essential amino acids do cats need?

A

11

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18
Q

Why do cats have higher requirements for proteins and amino acids?

A

Cats can break down protein rapidly and are unable to adapt when dietary supplies are low by reducing the rate of breakdown

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19
Q

What is a fat?

A

A class of macronutrients called triglycerides

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20
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Essential macronutrients that provide the body with energy and dietary fiber

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrate?

A

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

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22
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple sugars

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23
Q

What are 3 monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

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24
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

2 monosaccharides

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25
Q

What are 3 disaccharides?

A

Sucrose(sugar), Lactose, Maltose

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26
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Many monosaccharides

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27
Q

What are 3 polysaccharides?

A

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

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28
Q

What is the most essential nutrient?

A

Water

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29
Q

What are uses of water in the body?

A

-Function of all cells/organs
-Chemical reactions
-Lubricates joints
-Saliva
-Regulates body temp (perspiration)
-Helps move food along intestinal tract

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30
Q

What can vitamins help to fight?

A

Disease

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31
Q

What can minerals help with in the body?

A

Health and Growth+Development

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32
Q

What is dentition?

A

The arrangement or condition of the teeth in a particular species or individual

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33
Q

What are the 2 types of teeth?

A

Primary(baby), Permenant(adult)

34
Q

What are the 4 specific types of teeth?

A

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, Molars

35
Q

What are incisors needed for?

A

Biting into things

36
Q

What are canines needed for?

A

Tearing food

37
Q

What are premolars needed for?

A

Grinding up food

38
Q

What are molars needed for?

A

Chewing food

39
Q

What are the pair of teeth called that carnivores have?

A

Carnassials

40
Q

What are carnassial teeth for?

A

Act as shears to slice up meat, sinew and bone

41
Q

What is a diastema?

A

A gap between the teeth

42
Q

What are some dental problems?

A

-Tartar buildup
-Plaque buildup
-Cavities
-Gum disease
-Abscesses

43
Q

What does monogastric mean?

A

An animal with a single-compartmented stomach

44
Q

What are some examples of monogastric animals?

A

Pigs, Horses, Rabbits, Dogs, Cats

45
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine called?

A

Duodenum-Jejunum-Ileum

46
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum, that break down proteins, fats and carbs. The pancreas also makes insulin

47
Q

Where is bile made?

A

The liver

48
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

The gallbladder

49
Q

What are the 2 types of enzyme in the small intestine?

A

Protease(trypsin) and Protease(peptidase)

50
Q

What does trypsin do?

A

Helps to breakdown and digest protein

51
Q

What does peptidase do?

A

Peptidase is involves in the degradation of off-function proteins in lysosomes

52
Q

What are the 2 enzymes in the large intestine?

A

Lipase and Protease

53
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Breaks down fats

54
Q

What is digestion?

A

The breakdown of nutrients into small enough parts for your body to absorb and use for energy, growth and repair.

55
Q

What are the 2 types of digestion called?

A

Physical/mechanical and Chemical

56
Q

What is physical digestion?

A

The mechanical breakdown of food- in the mouth: chewing

57
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

The use of certain enzymes to break down certain nutrients, such as carbs, proteins and fats into smaller molecules

58
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Proteins that act as catalysts

59
Q

What are Hind Gut Fermenters?

A

Monogastric herbivores that have a larger cecum where microbial fermentation occurs

60
Q

Why do horses not need a gallbladder?

A

Because they are trickle feeders- bile doesn’t need to be stored if they are eating continually

61
Q

Why don’t all of the end products of fermentation for HGF get absorbed?

A

Because the cecum and colon lie after the ileum

62
Q

What is cecotrophy?

A

When animals(like rabbits/guinea pigs) eat their feces for nutritional value

63
Q

What do caecotrophs have in them?

A

-High microbial protein content
-Less fiber
-Lots of vitamin B

64
Q

Why might a rabbit lose its desire to eat ceacotrophs?

A

If it is fed a diet that is too rich

65
Q

What does the ruminant digestive system consist of?

A

Rumen-Reticulum-Omasum-Abomasum

66
Q

What are some ruminant aniamls?

A

Sheep, Cows, Deer, Goats

67
Q

What happens within the rumen?

A

Majority of fiber fermentation

68
Q

What is the rumen lined with to increase absorption?

A

Papillae

69
Q

What happens within the reticulum?

A

Feed is sorted into digested and undigested- smaller digested pieces pass into the omasum & the larger pieces are sent back into the esophagus to be chewed again(cud). The reticulum is also referred to as the stone trap

70
Q

What happens inside the omasum?

A

Main sight of water absorption

71
Q

What happens in the abomasum?

A

It produces acids and enzymes to break down proteins

72
Q

What are the 3 types of deamination?

A

Oxidative, Non-oxidative, Transamination

73
Q

What are some factors that might change food requirements?

A

-Type of feed
-Quality of food
-Growth
-Lactation
-Weather/Temp
-Breed
-Health status
-Working

74
Q

What does VFI mean?

A

Voluntary Food Intake

75
Q

What does BMR mean?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

76
Q

What is BMR

A

The energy needed to run the very basic bodily functions – such as breathing & heartbeat

77
Q

What does RER mean?

A

Resting Energy Requirement

78
Q

What is RER

A

the energy needed for an animal at rest

79
Q

What is energy used for?

A

-Movement
-Growth
-Digestion
-Respiration
-Circulation
-Nerve function

80
Q

What does BARF diet stand for?

A

Bones And Raw Food

Animal Management (5 decks)

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