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Community and Public Health > Nutrition I > Flashcards

Nutrition I Flashcards

1
Q

This refers to the science of food.

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

This is the condition of the body that results from the ingestion and utilization of nutrients.

A

Nutritional Status

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3
Q

These consists of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

A

Macronutrients

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4
Q

These consists of vitamins and minerals.

A

Micronutrients

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5
Q

These are foods that make your body grow.

A

Body-building Foods

Protein, Iodine, Iron, and Vitamin B.

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6
Q

These are foods that give you energy. Foods rich in carbs and fats.

A

Energy-giving Foods

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7
Q

These are foods that keep organs working and in good condition e.g. vitamins and minerals.

A

Body-regulating Foods

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8
Q

This macromolecule is vital in the body processes and deficiency would lead to failure of growth and development among infants.

A

Protein

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9
Q

Protein malnutrition will lead to these two types of diseases.

A

Kwashiorkor and Marasmus

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10
Q

This is the category wherein energy malnutrition falls under.

A

Severe Acute Malnutrition

Can be classified by lack of protein or lack of calories.

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11
Q

These are the characteristics of Marasmum.

A
  • Caloric depravation
  • Muscle wasting
  • Generalized muscle wasting
  • No edema
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12
Q

These are the characteristics of Kwashiorkor.

A
  • Protein depravation (some caloric)
  • Swollen abdomen
  • Skin hyperpigmentation or dispigmentation
  • MEALS
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13
Q

This is what the MEALS in Kwashiorkor stands for.

A
  • Malnutrition
  • Edema
  • Anemia
  • Fatty Liver
  • Skin Lesions
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14
Q

These are some ways to address malnutrition.

A
  1. Nutrition Education and Awareness
  2. Commission Based Nutrition Intervention
  3. Collaboration
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15
Q

These are the ways to measure the nutritional education and awareness of a population.

A
  1. Anthropometric
  2. Biochemical
  3. Chemical
  4. Dietary
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16
Q

These are the different kinds of malnutrition.

A
  1. Thinness (Acute)
  2. Shortness (Chronic)
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17
Q

These are macromolecules that modulate the production of insulin, provide energy, and is used in the synthesis of lipoproteins, cholesterol, and hormones.

A

Carbohydrates

Starch, Fiber, and Sugar

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18
Q

These help in the modulation of peristalsis movement and prevent constipation.

A

Dietary Fiber

Has lignin, nondigestible, and nonstarchy.

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19
Q

This kind of fiber dissolved in water to form a gel and serves to slow the rate of passage of food from the small intestines.

A

Soluble Fiber

Grain and fruits.

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20
Q

This kind of fiber has lowering effects because it increases fecal excretion of bile acids, produced short-chain fatty acids, and promotes GI mobility and motility.

A

Insoluble Fiber

Whole grain and leafy vegetables.

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21
Q

These are the daily value of dietary fiber for men and women.

A
  • 25g/day for Women
  • 38g/day for Men
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22
Q

This is a macromolecule that provides essential nutrients and is beneficial in the right amout and type. It is also a concentrated source of energy that can absord, transport, and dissolve vitamins.

A

Fats

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23
Q

These are the fat soluble vitamins.

A
  • A
  • D
  • E
  • K
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24
Q

This vitamin maintains vision, bone, tooth, hormones, immunity, and prevents xeropthalmia.

A

Vitamin A

Retinol or retinoic acid.

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25
Q

This is the location where vitamin As are stored due to its specific property.

A

Stellate Cells of ITO

Stored for 6 months.

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26
Q

This vitamin aids in the mineralization of bones to prevent rickets and osteomalacia (for adults).

A

Vitamin D

Calciferol

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27
Q

This vitamin is an anti-oxidant that protects the neuromuscular system and prevent arterosclerosis.

This is the most powerful natrually occuring anti-oxidant.

A

Vitamin E

Tocopherol

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28
Q

This is the occular manifestation of Vitamin A deficiency.

A

Xeropthalmia

Earliest sign of deficiency is loss of sensitivity to green light and Nyctalopia (night blindness).

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29
Q

This is the normal amount of Vitamin D circulating in the body.

A

20-100ug/ml

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30
Q

This is the most potent form of Vitamin E.

A

Alpha Tocopherols

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31
Q

This is the disease wherein it is caued by a deficiency of Vitamin E.

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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32
Q

This vitamin is related to coagulation.

A

Vitamin K

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33
Q

These are the problems associatied with the deficiency and toxicity of Vitamin K.

A
  • Deficiency = clotting problems
  • Toxicity = hemolysis
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34
Q

This vitamin supports normal appetite and nervous tissue function. Prevents beri-beri (dry or wet).

A

Vitamin B1

Thiamine

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35
Q

This is the potential disease that is caused by Vitamin B1 deficiency characterized by:
- Acute, life-threatening, reversible disorder

A

Wernicke Encephalophathy

Symptoms of confusion, opthalmoparesis, and ataxia.

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36
Q

This vitamin supports skin health, prevents deficiencies like cracks or redness at the mouth, inflammation of the mouth and dermititis.

A

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

37
Q

This is a disease associated with the Vitamin B2 deficiency.

A

Cheilosis and Corneal Vascularization

Can also experience Magenta of the Tongue.

38
Q

This vitamin supports skin health, nervous system and digestive system, and prevents pallegra.

A

Vitamin B3

Niacine

39
Q

This is a disease due to Vitamine B3 (nicotinic acid) deficiency.

A

Pallegra

40
Q

These are the 3 D’s of Vitamin B3 deficiency.

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Dementia
  3. Dermatitis (casal necklace)

Toxicity induces Podagara (foot gout) and liver problems.

41
Q

This vitamin helps convert tryptophan to niacin.

A

Vitamin B6

Pyridoxine

42
Q

These are diseases associated with Vitamin B6 deficiency.

A
  • Microcytic hypocromic anemia
  • Sideroblastic anemia
43
Q

This is a problem induced by a lack of tryptophan.

A

Pellagra-like symptoms (3 D’s)

44
Q

This vitamin helps in the formation of new cells, maintain nerve cells, assist in metabolism of fatty and amino acids.

A

Vitamin B12

Cyanocobalamin

45
Q

This is a disease associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency.

A
  • Macrocytic Anemia
  • Megaloblastic Anemia
46
Q

This vitamin has an anti-scorbutic factor, helps in the formation of protein, collagen, bone, teeth, skin, and involved in amino acid metabolism.

A

Vitamin C

Ascorbic acid

47
Q

This is the enzyme that humans and primates lack so they cannot produce their own vitamin C.

A

Gulonolacrone Oxidase

48
Q

This disease is characterized by corkscew hair and bleeding gums due to Vitamin C deficiency.

A

Scurvy

Vitamin C toxicity is suscpetible to Fe toxicity.

49
Q

This vitamin helps in the formation of DNA and new blood cells including RBC and prevents anemia (megaloblastic).

A

Folic Acid

B9

50
Q

These are the absorption and location of the two similar B Vitamins B12 and B9.

A
  • Folic Acid (B9) absorbs in the jejunum and stores in the liver for 3-4 months
  • Cyanocobalamin (B12) absorbs in the ileum and stores in the liver for 3-4 years
51
Q

This vitamin helps in energy and amino acid metabolism and in the synthesis of fat and glycogen.

A

Vitamin B7

Biotin

52
Q

This vitamin helps in energy metabolism.

A

Vitamin B5

Pantothenic acid

53
Q

This is the disease associated with Vitamin B5 deficiency that affects the limbs.

A

Gopalan’s burning feet syndrome.

54
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin A deficiency.

A
  • Xeropthalmia
  • Squamous metaplasia
55
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin D deficiency.

A
  • Rickets
  • Ostemalacia
56
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin E deficiency.

A
  • Hemolytic anemia
57
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin K deficiency.

A
  • Bleeding problems
58
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B1 deficiency.

A
  • Beri-beri
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
59
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B2 deficiency.

A
  • Cheilosis
  • Corneal Vascularization
60
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B3 deficiency.

A
  • Pellagra
61
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B5 deficiency.

A
  • Gopalan’s burning feet syndrome
62
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B5 deficiency.

A
  • Sideroblastic Anemia
  • Microcytic Hypocromic Anemia
  • Pellagra
63
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B7 deficiency.

A
  • Dermatitis
  • Enteritis
  • Alopesia
64
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B9 and B12 deficiency.

A
  • Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
65
Q

These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin C deficiency.

A
  • Scurvy
  • Low Immunity
66
Q

This is the daily amount of major minerals we take.

A

More than 100 mg a day.

Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, S, and Cl.

67
Q

This is the daily amount of minor minerals (trace elements) we take.

A

Less than 100mg a day.

F, Fe, Mn, and Zn.

68
Q

This is the daily amount of ultra trace elements we take.

A

Less than 1 mg per day.

I, Mo, and Se.

69
Q

This mineral is used in bones, muscles, nerves, and involved in blood clotting and pressure.

A

Calcium

70
Q

This mineral is used in energy transfer and maintenance of acid-base balance.

A

Phosphorus

71
Q

This mineral is used in bones and teeth, building protein, myscle contraction, and nerve impulses.

A

Magnesium

72
Q

This mineral is used to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance as well as nerve impulse transmission.

A

Sodium

73
Q

This mineral is used to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance only and it is a part of Sodium.

A

Chlorine

74
Q

This mineral is used for the transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of muscles.

A

Potassium

75
Q

This trace mineral regulates physical and mental development and metabolic rate.

A

Iodine

76
Q

This trace mineral is essential in the formation of blood and prevents anemia.

A

Iron

77
Q

This trace mineral is essential for normal growth and development of immunity.

A

Zinc

78
Q

This trace mineral is necessary for the absorption and use of iron in the formation of hemoglobin.

A

Copper

79
Q

This trace mineral is involved in the formation of bones and teeth.

A

Flouride

80
Q

This trace mineral is associated with facilitating cell processes.

A

Manganese

81
Q

This trace mineral is associated in working with insulin and is required for the release of energy from glucose.

A

Chromium

82
Q

These are the desirable contribution towards energy intake per macromolecule.

A
  • 55-70% Carbs
  • 20-30% Fats
  • 10-15% Protein

Recommended Daily Allowance

83
Q

This refers to the patient’s weight in kg divided b the square of the height in meters.

A

Body Mass Index (BMI)

84
Q

This is the normal range for the Asian BMI Classification.

A

18.5 to 22.9

85
Q

This characteristic of your abdomen is associated with cardiovascular dieases.

A

Abdominal Obesity

Via waist circumference (preferred) and waist/hip ratio.

86
Q

This is the ideal waist circumference for males and females.

A
  • 102 cm for males (white)
  • 88 cm for females (white)
  • 90 cm for males (asian)
  • 80 cm for females (asian)
  • 0.90 ratio for males
  • 0.85 ratio for females
87
Q

This refers to the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain an energy balance.

A

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

88
Q

This refers to the way of how to achieve an energy balance.

A

Calories In = Calroies Out

89
Q

The amount of kcal in each macromolecule.

A
  • Protein 4 kcal
  • Carbs 4 kcal
  • Fats 9 kcal
  • Alcohol 7 kcal

Community and Public Health (8 decks)

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