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Nutrition I Flashcards

1
Q

This refers to the science of food.

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

This is the condition of the body that results from the ingestion and utilization of nutrients.

A

Nutritional Status

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3
Q

These consists of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

A

Macronutrients

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4
Q

These consists of vitamins and minerals.

A

Micronutrients

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5
Q

These are foods that make your body grow.

A

Body-building Foods

Protein, Iodine, Iron, and Vitamin B.

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6
Q

These are foods that give you energy. Foods rich in carbs and fats.

A

Energy-giving Foods

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7
Q

These are foods that keep organs working and in good condition e.g. vitamins and minerals.

A

Body-regulating Foods

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8
Q

This macromolecule is vital in the body processes and deficiency would lead to failure of growth and development among infants.

A

Protein

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9
Q

Protein malnutrition will lead to these two types of diseases.

A

Kwashiorkor and Marasmus

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10
Q

This is the category wherein energy malnutrition falls under.

A

Severe Acute Malnutrition

Can be classified by lack of protein or lack of calories.

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11
Q

These are the characteristics of Marasmum.

A
  • Caloric depravation
  • Muscle wasting
  • Generalized muscle wasting
  • No edema
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12
Q

These are the characteristics of Kwashiorkor.

A
  • Protein depravation (some caloric)
  • Swollen abdomen
  • Skin hyperpigmentation or dispigmentation
  • MEALS
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13
Q

This is what the MEALS in Kwashiorkor stands for.

A
  • Malnutrition
  • Edema
  • Anemia
  • Fatty Liver
  • Skin Lesions
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14
Q

These are some ways to address malnutrition.

A
  1. Nutrition Education and Awareness
  2. Commission Based Nutrition Intervention
  3. Collaboration
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15
Q

These are the ways to measure the nutritional education and awareness of a population.

A
  1. Anthropometric
  2. Biochemical
  3. Chemical
  4. Dietary
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16
Q

These are the different kinds of malnutrition.

A
  1. Thinness (Acute)
  2. Shortness (Chronic)
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17
Q

These are macromolecules that modulate the production of insulin, provide energy, and is used in the synthesis of lipoproteins, cholesterol, and hormones.

A

Carbohydrates

Starch, Fiber, and Sugar

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18
Q

These help in the modulation of peristalsis movement and prevent constipation.

A

Dietary Fiber

Has lignin, nondigestible, and nonstarchy.

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19
Q

This kind of fiber dissolved in water to form a gel and serves to slow the rate of passage of food from the small intestines.

A

Soluble Fiber

Grain and fruits.

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20
Q

This kind of fiber has lowering effects because it increases fecal excretion of bile acids, produced short-chain fatty acids, and promotes GI mobility and motility.

A

Insoluble Fiber

Whole grain and leafy vegetables.

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21
Q

These are the daily value of dietary fiber for men and women.

A
  • 25g/day for Women
  • 38g/day for Men
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22
Q

This is a macromolecule that provides essential nutrients and is beneficial in the right amout and type. It is also a concentrated source of energy that can absord, transport, and dissolve vitamins.

A

Fats

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23
Q

These are the fat soluble vitamins.

A
  • A
  • D
  • E
  • K
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24
Q

This vitamin maintains vision, bone, tooth, hormones, immunity, and prevents xeropthalmia.

A

Vitamin A

Retinol or retinoic acid.

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25
This is the location where vitamin As are stored due to its specific property.
Stellate Cells of ITO ## Footnote Stored for 6 months.
26
This vitamin aids in the mineralization of bones to prevent rickets and osteomalacia (for adults).
Vitamin D ## Footnote Calciferol
27
This vitamin is an anti-oxidant that protects the neuromuscular system and prevent arterosclerosis. ## Footnote This is the most powerful natrually occuring anti-oxidant.
Vitamin E ## Footnote Tocopherol
28
This is the occular manifestation of Vitamin A deficiency.
Xeropthalmia ## Footnote Earliest sign of deficiency is loss of sensitivity to green light and Nyctalopia (night blindness).
29
This is the normal amount of Vitamin D circulating in the body.
20-100ug/ml
30
This is the most potent form of Vitamin E.
Alpha Tocopherols
31
This is the disease wherein it is caued by a deficiency of Vitamin E.
Hemolytic Anemia
32
This vitamin is related to coagulation.
Vitamin K
33
These are the problems associatied with the deficiency and toxicity of Vitamin K.
- Deficiency = clotting problems - Toxicity = hemolysis
34
This vitamin supports normal appetite and nervous tissue function. Prevents beri-beri (dry or wet).
Vitamin B1 ## Footnote Thiamine
35
This is the potential disease that is caused by Vitamin B1 deficiency characterized by: - Acute, life-threatening, reversible disorder
Wernicke Encephalophathy ## Footnote Symptoms of confusion, opthalmoparesis, and ataxia.
36
This vitamin supports skin health, prevents deficiencies like cracks or redness at the mouth, inflammation of the mouth and dermititis.
Vitamin B2 ## Footnote Riboflavin
37
This is a disease associated with the Vitamin B2 deficiency.
Cheilosis and Corneal Vascularization ## Footnote Can also experience Magenta of the Tongue.
38
This vitamin supports skin health, nervous system and digestive system, and prevents pallegra.
Vitamin B3 ## Footnote Niacine
39
This is a disease due to Vitamine B3 (nicotinic acid) deficiency.
Pallegra
40
These are the 3 D's of Vitamin B3 deficiency.
1. Diarrhea 2. Dementia 3. Dermatitis (casal necklace) ## Footnote Toxicity induces Podagara (foot gout) and liver problems.
41
This vitamin helps convert tryptophan to niacin.
Vitamin B6 ## Footnote Pyridoxine
42
These are diseases associated with Vitamin B6 deficiency.
- Microcytic hypocromic anemia - Sideroblastic anemia
43
This is a problem induced by a lack of tryptophan.
Pellagra-like symptoms (3 D's)
44
This vitamin helps in the formation of new cells, maintain nerve cells, assist in metabolism of fatty and amino acids.
Vitamin B12 ## Footnote Cyanocobalamin
45
This is a disease associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency.
- Macrocytic Anemia - Megaloblastic Anemia
46
This vitamin has an anti-scorbutic factor, helps in the formation of protein, collagen, bone, teeth, skin, and involved in amino acid metabolism.
Vitamin C ## Footnote Ascorbic acid
47
This is the enzyme that humans and primates lack so they cannot produce their own vitamin C.
Gulonolacrone Oxidase
48
This disease is characterized by corkscew hair and bleeding gums due to Vitamin C deficiency.
Scurvy ## Footnote Vitamin C toxicity is suscpetible to Fe toxicity.
49
This vitamin helps in the formation of DNA and new blood cells including RBC and prevents anemia (megaloblastic).
Folic Acid ## Footnote B9
50
These are the absorption and location of the two similar B Vitamins B12 and B9.
- Folic Acid (B9) absorbs in the jejunum and stores in the liver for 3-4 months - Cyanocobalamin (B12) absorbs in the ileum and stores in the liver for 3-4 years
51
This vitamin helps in energy and amino acid metabolism and in the synthesis of fat and glycogen.
Vitamin B7 ## Footnote Biotin
52
This vitamin helps in energy metabolism.
Vitamin B5 ## Footnote Pantothenic acid
53
This is the disease associated with Vitamin B5 deficiency that affects the limbs.
Gopalan's burning feet syndrome.
54
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin A deficiency.
- Xeropthalmia - Squamous metaplasia
55
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin D deficiency.
- Rickets - Ostemalacia
56
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin E deficiency.
- Hemolytic anemia
57
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin K deficiency.
- Bleeding problems
58
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B1 deficiency.
- Beri-beri - Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
59
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B2 deficiency.
- Cheilosis - Corneal Vascularization
60
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B3 deficiency.
- Pellagra
61
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B5 deficiency.
- Gopalan's burning feet syndrome
62
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B5 deficiency.
- Sideroblastic Anemia - Microcytic Hypocromic Anemia - Pellagra
63
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B7 deficiency.
- Dermatitis - Enteritis - Alopesia
64
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin B9 and B12 deficiency.
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
65
These/this are the disease/s associated with Vitamin C deficiency.
- Scurvy - Low Immunity
66
This is the daily amount of major minerals we take.
More than 100 mg a day. ## Footnote Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, S, and Cl.
67
This is the daily amount of minor minerals (trace elements) we take.
Less than 100mg a day. ## Footnote F, Fe, Mn, and Zn.
68
This is the daily amount of ultra trace elements we take.
Less than 1 mg per day. ## Footnote I, Mo, and Se.
69
This mineral is used in bones, muscles, nerves, and involved in blood clotting and pressure.
Calcium
70
This mineral is used in energy transfer and maintenance of acid-base balance.
Phosphorus
71
This mineral is used in bones and teeth, building protein, myscle contraction, and nerve impulses.
Magnesium
72
This mineral is used to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance as well as nerve impulse transmission.
Sodium
73
This mineral is used to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance only and it is a part of Sodium.
Chlorine
74
This mineral is used for the transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of muscles.
Potassium
75
This trace mineral regulates physical and mental development and metabolic rate.
Iodine
76
This trace mineral is essential in the formation of blood and prevents anemia.
Iron
77
This trace mineral is essential for normal growth and development of immunity.
Zinc
78
This trace mineral is necessary for the absorption and use of iron in the formation of hemoglobin.
Copper
79
This trace mineral is involved in the formation of bones and teeth.
Flouride
80
This trace mineral is associated with facilitating cell processes.
Manganese
81
This trace mineral is associated in working with insulin and is required for the release of energy from glucose.
Chromium
82
These are the desirable contribution towards energy intake per macromolecule.
- 55-70% Carbs - 20-30% Fats - 10-15% Protein ## Footnote Recommended Daily Allowance
83
This refers to the patient's weight in kg divided b the square of the height in meters.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
84
This is the normal range for the Asian BMI Classification.
18.5 to 22.9
85
This characteristic of your abdomen is associated with cardiovascular dieases.
Abdominal Obesity ## Footnote Via waist circumference (preferred) and waist/hip ratio.
86
This is the ideal waist circumference for males and females.
- 102 cm for males (white) - 88 cm for females (white) - 90 cm for males (asian) - 80 cm for females (asian) - 0.90 ratio for males - 0.85 ratio for females
87
This refers to the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain an energy balance.
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
88
This refers to the way of how to achieve an energy balance.
Calories In = Calroies Out
89
The amount of kcal in each macromolecule.
- Protein 4 kcal - Carbs 4 kcal - Fats 9 kcal - Alcohol 7 kcal

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