Nutrition final exam Flashcards
Energy Balance
Energy intake, in the form of food and beverages, matches the energy expended, primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity.
Positive energy balance
energy intake is greater than energy expended
Negative energy balance
energy intake is less than energy expended
indications/comorbidities that indicate that body weight is associated with heath concerns or malnourishment
hypertension, elevated LDL cholesterol, upper-body (apple shaped) android fat distribution, elevated blood glucose(hyperglycemia, liver disease, deficiencies, sleep disturbance, disordered eating lifestyle concerns.
weight stigma
social disapproval of people who are overweight or who are affected by obesity.
steps of the diet cycle
start diet, restriction, deprivation, cravings, giving in, guilt.
Nature vs nuture and affect on body fat
Body fat levels are influenced by both genetics (nature and environmental factors (nurture). Genetics affect metabolism, appetite, and fat distribution, while environmental factors like diet, physical activity, stress and socioeconomic conditions determine how these predispositions manifest.
how to recognize fad diet
promotes rapid weight loss, limits or restricts food selections, use of personal testimonials, billed as cure-alls for everyone, reccommends expensive supplements or meals, no permanent eating changes advocated, critical and skeptical of scientific community, claims there is no need to exercis or engage in physical activity.
disordered eating patterns
patterns that occur in the relation to a stressful event, an illness, or a desire to modify one’s dietary pattern for a variety of health and personal appearance reasons.
warning signs and symptoms of an eating disorder
weight loss or gain, obsession over food, under or over eating, physical changes, mental health issues
Anorexia characteristics
extreme weight loss, irrational fear of weight gain, and distorted body image
Bulimia nervosa characteristics
episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain. compensatory behaviors, actions taken to rid body of excess calories using laxatives, vomiting or excessive exercise
binge eating disorder
if you binge eat once a week for 3 months. characteristics are not accompanied by compensatory behaivors, eating in isolation, use food to reduce stress, provide feeling of power and well-being, usually “bad” foods, overrides and ignored fullness cues, no regard to biological needs.
orthrexia
obsession over healthy food and clean ingredients, need for perfection, not a drive for thinness, may be related to ocd
prevention of eating disorder
provide info about normal changes during puberty, correct misconception about nutrition, do not over emphasize weight on a scale, increase self acceptance.
importance of nutrition to an athlete
improved performance, decreased injury, and decreased illness
nutritional challenges for athletes
overreliance on convenience foods, abundance of nutritional misinformation, poor relationship with food
the training affect
occurs when starting regular exercise. the increase in fitness that occurs with exercise caused by changes in ability of cells to generate ATP; improved oxygen delivery, increased ability for prolonged aerobic activity, increased insulin sensetivity.
athletes needs before, during, and after training.
high carbohydrate meal before training, sports drink or fruit snack right before, 30-60g CHO during training, 20-40g protein right after plus 1g cho/kg, then meal
risk of disordered eating within athletes
intense athletic training may require a lot of calories so not eating correctly can cause deficiencies.
steps to evaluating ergogenic aids
define the performance goal, understand the types of ergogenic aids, research the substance or practice, evaluate safety, check legal and ethical status, assess dosage and administation, and conults experts.
lactation concultants
possess the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to provide quality breastfeeding support and management to mothers and babies with lactation-related problems
fore and hind milk
foremilk is milk released initially and hind milk is milk released 10-20 minutes into feeding
benefits of colostrum
provides protection to infant against infections and facilitates the passage of 1st stool
