Lab Exam #1 Flashcards by Ava Miller

what is Simple Squamous Epithelium’s location?

Lining blood vessels

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Simple Squamous Epithelium Characteristics…

Single row of thin, flat cells

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Simple Squamous Epithelium Function

Secretes Serous Fluid

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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Location…

Liver or thyroid

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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium functions…

absorption and secretion, mucus production

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Simple cuboidal Epithelium Characteristics…

Single row of cube-shaped cells

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Simple Columnar Epithelium location…

Lining of GI tract or uterus

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Simple Columnar Characteristics…

Single row of tall, narrow cells often with microvilli.

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Simple Columnar Epithelium function…

absorption and secretion

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Pseudostratified Epithelium Location

Portions of male urethra, Respiratory Tract from nasal cavity to bronchi.

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Pseudostratified Epithelium Characteristics…

Single row of ciliated cells, some not reaching free surface.

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Pseudostratified Epithelium Function…

Secretion and propels substances

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Stratified Squamous- Keratinized location…

Skin

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Stratified Squamous Keratinized Function…

Protects against physical and chemical stress

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Stratified Squamous- keratinized characteristics…

Multilayered Epithelium covered with dead squamous cells, packed with keratin.

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Stratified squamous- nonkeratinized location

tongue or vagina

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Stratified squamous- nonkeratinized Characteristics…

Multilayered epithelium that lacks keratinized layer, it forms a moist, slippery layer.

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Stratified squamous- nonkeratinized function…

Protects against physical and chemical stress.

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Stratified cuboidal epithelium Location…

Sweat glands or ovary

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Stratified cuboidal epithelium function…

Secretion.

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Stratified cuboidal epithelium characteristics…

Two or more cell layers, apical surface cells cube-shaped.

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Stratified columnar epithelium location…

salivary gland ducts or anus

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Stratified columnar epithelium function…

Protection and lines excretory ducts

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Stratified columnar epithelium characteristics…

Two cell layers, deep cells

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Transitional epithelium location...

Umbilical cord or ureters.

Transitional epithelium function

protects the urinary bladder, allows stretching and recoil without damage.

Transitional Epithelium characteristics

Multilayered epithelium cells

3 fiber types

Collagen, reticular, and elastic

3 classes of ground substance

GAG, proteoglycan, and adhesive glycoproteins

Fibrous loose Areolar c.t. location...

surrounds nerves and blood vessels

Fibrous loose Areolar c.t. characteristics...

Loosely disorganized fibers, lots of empty space.

Fibrous loose Areolar c.t. function...

Bind epithelium to deep tissue.

Fibrous loose reticular c.t. location...

inside organs or spleen

Fibrous loose reticular c.t. characteristics...

mesh of fibers or fibroblasts, hypercellular.

Fibrous loose reticular c.t. function...

support for lymphatic organs.

Fibrous loose adipose c.t. location...

breasts or surrounding organs.

Fibrous loose adipose c.t. characteristics...

yellow, rounded droplets

Fibrous loose adipose c.t. function...

Energy storage or body shaping

Fibrous dense regular c.t. location...

tendons and ligaments

fibrous dense regular c.t. characteristics...

closely packed with little to no open space.

Fibrous dense regular c.t. function...

Withstand predictable stress or bind muscles to bone.

Fibrous dense irregular c.t. location...

spleen or palm of hands.

fibrous dense irregular c.t. characteristics...

collagen bundles disorganized, thick collagen bundles.

fibrous dense irregular c.t function...

withstand unpredictable stress

Hyaline cartilage c.t. location...

nose tip. rings in the trachea and bronchi.

Hyaline cartilage c.t. characteristics...

invisible collagen fibers, clear.

Hyaline cartilage c.t. function...

growth of long bones.

Elastic cartilage c.t. location...

External ear

Elastic cartilage c.t. characteristics...

visible elastic fibers

Elastic cartilage c.t. function

flexible, elastic support.

Fibrocartilage c.t. location...

intervertebral discs

fibrocartilage c.t. characteristics...

large collagen bundles, nuclei are slightly lined up.

Fibrocartilage c.t. function...

resists compression

bone c.t. location...

Skeletal system.

Bone c.t. characteristics...

no visible space, innervated

bone c.t. function...

body support, muscle leverage

Blood: fluid c.t. location...

within blood vessels

Blood: fluid c.t. ground substance...

plasma, cell fragments.

Blood; fluid c.t. function...

transport cells and dissolved matter

Skeletal muscle location...

most attached to bone. Exceptions: tongue, esophagus

Skeletal muscle characteristics...

striated

Skeletal muscle cells

Muscle fibers, long, cylindrical cells

Skeletal muscle nucleus...

multi-nucleated, on edge of cell.

smooth muscle characteristics...

non-striated

smooth muscle cells...

Fusiform shape, thick in middle and tapering.

smooth muscle location...

Visceral muscle.

Smooth muscle nucleus...

one, central nucleus

Cardiac muscle location...

Heart only

Cardiac Muscle characteristics...

striated

Cardiac Muscle nucleus...

1 central nucleus

Cardiac muscle cells...

Cardiocytes or cardiomyocytes. intercalated discs:join cells end to end.

cell types of nervous tissue

nuerons and neuroglia

gray matter contains...

nerve cell bodies

Cell division

a biological process that occurs when a parent cell divides to create new daughter cells

Mitosis

a process that occurs when a parent cell divides to create two identical daughter cells

Apoptosis

a programmed cell death process that occurs during normal development and in response to stimuli.

5 triggers for cell division

-growth of cytoplasm -well nourished -DNA replicated -growth factor stimulation -death of nearby cells

Stages of mitosis...

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Stem cells are...

unspecialized cells that produce new cells

Differentiation results from

inactivation of partical genes.

Differentiated cells form

tissues

Cancer =

abnormal cell division (produces tumors)

Cancer cells disrupt and displace

healthy tissues, divert nutrients.

Cancer: natural human defenses

-cells that neutralize mutagens -cells that destroy tumors -your brain

Medial

towards midline

lateral

away from midline

Proximal

towards the trunk

Distal

away from the trunk

intermediate

something between two structures.

intercalated discs only found in

cardiac muscle

cells found in cartilage tissue

chodrocytes

chondrocytes live in

lacunae( dark purple area around cartilage)

red blood cells

erythrocytes

darker cells in blood connective tissue are

leukocytes

small dots in blood c.t is

platelets

background substance in blood c.t.

plasma

cells in adipose c.t.

adipocytes

four classifications of c.t.

connective tissue proper cartilage bone blood

proteoglycan helps

hold tissue together

Glycosaminoglycan help

give cushion to c.t.