Nutrition ch 45 - exam III

Question 1

albumin

Answer 1

simple protein - only contains amino acids

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

building of more complex substances

Question 3

anorexia nervosa

Answer 3

restriction of energy intake

Question 4

anthropometry

Answer 4

systematic method of measuring the size and makeup of the body

Question 5

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 5

energy needed at rest to maintain life sustaining activities for a specific amount of time

Question 6

body mass index (BMI)

Answer 6

measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height weight relationships

Question 7

bulimia nervosa

Answer 7

recurrent episodes of binge eating

Question 8

carbohydrates

Answer 8

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are the main source of energy in the diet

Question 9

catabolism

Answer 9

breakdown of biochemical substances

Question 10

chyme

Answer 10

food is now acid after it enters the duodenum

Question 11

daily values

Answer 11

the FDA created this for food labels in response to the 1990 nutrition labeling and education act

Question 12

dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

Answer 12

evidence based criteria for an acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age group

Question 13

dispensable amino acids

Answer 13

synthesized in the body - alanine, asparagine, and glutamic acid

Question 14

dysphagia

Answer 14

difficultly swallowing

Question 15

enteral nutrition (EN)

Answer 15

provides nutrients into the GI tract

Question 16

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 16

ADEK stored in the fatty compartments of the body

Question 17

fiber

Answer 17

a polysaccharide is the structural part of plants that is not broken down by our digestive enzymes

Question 18

food security

Answer 18

all members of the household have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy life style

Question 19

hypervitaminosis

Answer 19

results from mega doses of fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) of supplements, excessive amounts of fortified food, and large intake of fish oils

Question 20

ideal body weight (IBW)

Answer 20

provides an estimate of what the body should weigh

Question 21

indispensable amino acids

Answer 21

body does not synthesize these - we need them in our diet - histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine

Question 22

insulin

Answer 22

simple protein - only contains amino acids

Question 23

intravenous fat emulsions

Answer 23

adding this to PN supports a patients need for supplemental kilocalories to prevent essential fatty acid deficiencies and help control hyperglycemia during periods of stress

Question 24

ketones

Answer 24

all body cells except RBC and neurons oxidize fatty acids into this for energy when dietary carbs are not adequate

Question 25

kilocalories (kcal)

Answer 25

when these meet our energy requirements our weight does not change. excess = gain, less = loss

Question 26

lipids

Answer 26

most calorie dense nutrient 9kcal/g composed of triglycerides and fatty acids

Question 27

macrominerals

Answer 27

when the daily requirement is 100mg or more

Question 28

malabsorption

Answer 28

example: celiac disease is treated with gluten-free diet

Question 29

malnutrition

Answer 29

risk factors include: unintended weight loss, presence of modified diet, or altered nutritional symptoms

Question 30

medical nutrition therapy (MNT)

Answer 30

use of specific nutritional therapies to treat illness, injury, or condition

Question 31

metabolism

Answer 31

refers to all the biochemical reactions within the cells of the body

Question 32

minerals

Answer 32

are inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions

Question 33

nitrogen balance

Answer 33

intake and output of nitrogen are equal - positive NB means intake is greater, negative NB means output is greater.

Question 34

nutrient density

Answer 34

refers to the proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kcals

Question 35

nutrients

Answer 35

are the elements necessary for the normal function of numerous body processes

Question 36

parenteral nutrition (PN)

Answer 36

from of specialized nutritional support provided intravenously

Question 37

peristalsis

Answer 37

wavelike muscular contractions move the food to the base of the esophagus, above the cardiac sphincter

Question 38

resting energy expenditure (REE)

Answer 38

resting metabolic rate - is the amount of energy you need to consume over a 24hr period for your body to maintain its internal working activities

Question 39

simple carbohydrate

Answer 39

classification for both mono and disaccharides, primarily found in sugar

Question 40

trace elements

Answer 40

microminerals. less than 100mg needed daily

Question 41

triglycerides

Answer 41

circulate in the blood and are composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol

Question 42

vegetarianism

Answer 42

consumption of a diet consisting predominately of plant foods

Question 43

vitamins

Answer 43

are organic substances resent in small amounts of foods that are essential to normal metabolism

Question 44

water soluble vitamins

Answer 44

C and B are not stored in the body