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Concepts > Nutrition ch 45 - exam III > Flashcards

Nutrition ch 45 - exam III Flashcards

1
Q

albumin

A

simple protein - only contains amino acids

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2
Q

anabolism

A

building of more complex substances

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3
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

restriction of energy intake

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4
Q

anthropometry

A

systematic method of measuring the size and makeup of the body

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5
Q

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

energy needed at rest to maintain life sustaining activities for a specific amount of time

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6
Q

body mass index (BMI)

A

measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height weight relationships

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7
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

recurrent episodes of binge eating

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8
Q

carbohydrates

A

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are the main source of energy in the diet

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9
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of biochemical substances

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10
Q

chyme

A

food is now acid after it enters the duodenum

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11
Q

daily values

A

the FDA created this for food labels in response to the 1990 nutrition labeling and education act

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12
Q

dietary reference intakes (DRIs)

A

evidence based criteria for an acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age group

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13
Q

dispensable amino acids

A

synthesized in the body - alanine, asparagine, and glutamic acid

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14
Q

dysphagia

A

difficultly swallowing

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15
Q

enteral nutrition (EN)

A

provides nutrients into the GI tract

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16
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK stored in the fatty compartments of the body

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17
Q

fiber

A

a polysaccharide is the structural part of plants that is not broken down by our digestive enzymes

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18
Q

food security

A

all members of the household have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy life style

19
Q

hypervitaminosis

A

results from mega doses of fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) of supplements, excessive amounts of fortified food, and large intake of fish oils

20
Q

ideal body weight (IBW)

A

provides an estimate of what the body should weigh

21
Q

indispensable amino acids

A

body does not synthesize these - we need them in our diet - histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine

22
Q

insulin

A

simple protein - only contains amino acids

23
Q

intravenous fat emulsions

A

adding this to PN supports a patients need for supplemental kilocalories to prevent essential fatty acid deficiencies and help control hyperglycemia during periods of stress

24
Q

ketones

A

all body cells except RBC and neurons oxidize fatty acids into this for energy when dietary carbs are not adequate

25
Q

kilocalories (kcal)

A

when these meet our energy requirements our weight does not change. excess = gain, less = loss

26
Q

lipids

A

most calorie dense nutrient 9kcal/g composed of triglycerides and fatty acids

27
Q

macrominerals

A

when the daily requirement is 100mg or more

28
Q

malabsorption

A

example: celiac disease is treated with gluten-free diet

29
Q

malnutrition

A

risk factors include: unintended weight loss, presence of modified diet, or altered nutritional symptoms

30
Q

medical nutrition therapy (MNT)

A

use of specific nutritional therapies to treat illness, injury, or condition

31
Q

metabolism

A

refers to all the biochemical reactions within the cells of the body

32
Q

minerals

A

are inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions

33
Q

nitrogen balance

A

intake and output of nitrogen are equal - positive NB means intake is greater, negative NB means output is greater.

34
Q

nutrient density

A

refers to the proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kcals

35
Q

nutrients

A

are the elements necessary for the normal function of numerous body processes

36
Q

parenteral nutrition (PN)

A

from of specialized nutritional support provided intravenously

37
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike muscular contractions move the food to the base of the esophagus, above the cardiac sphincter

38
Q

resting energy expenditure (REE)

A

resting metabolic rate - is the amount of energy you need to consume over a 24hr period for your body to maintain its internal working activities

39
Q

simple carbohydrate

A

classification for both mono and disaccharides, primarily found in sugar

40
Q

trace elements

A

microminerals. less than 100mg needed daily

41
Q

triglycerides

A

circulate in the blood and are composed of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol

42
Q

vegetarianism

A

consumption of a diet consisting predominately of plant foods

43
Q

vitamins

A

are organic substances resent in small amounts of foods that are essential to normal metabolism

44
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

C and B are not stored in the body

Concepts (11 decks)

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