immobility ch 39 - exam III

Question 1

atelectasis

Answer 1

collapse of alveoli

Question 2

bed rest

Answer 2

intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons and is sometimes prescribed for certain patients

Question 3

body alignment

Answer 3

correct reduces strain on musculoskeletal structures, aids in maintaining adequate muscle tone, promotes comfort, and contributes to balance and conversion of energy

Question 4

body mechanics

Answer 4

the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems

Question 5

disuse osteoporosis

Answer 5

immobilization results in bone resorption, the bone tissue is less dense

Question 6

embolus

Answer 6

a part of a clot breaks off and travels

Question 7

foot drop

Answer 7

permanently fixed in plantar flexion

Question 8

friction

Answer 8

a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

Question 9

gait

Answer 9

manner or style of walking

Question 10

hemiparesis

Answer 10

one sided weakness

Question 11

hemiplegia

Answer 11

one sided paralysis

Question 12

hypostatic pneumonia

Answer 12

inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions

Question 13

immobility

Answer 13

refers to the inability to move freely

Question 14

instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

Answer 14

activities necessary to be independent in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring, and toileting

Question 15

joint contracture

Answer 15

abnormal and possibly permanent condition characterized by fixation of a joint

Question 16

mobility

Answer 16

ability to move freely

Question 17

muscle atrophy

Answer 17

loss of muscle tone

Question 18

negative nitrogen balance

Answer 18

when a patient is immobile, the body often excretes more nitrogen than it ingests in proteins

Question 19

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 19

drop in systolic pressure by at least 20 mmHg or a diastolic drop by at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of rising to an upright position

Question 20

osteoporosis

Answer 20

results from immobility

Question 21

pathological fractures

Answer 21

fractures caused by weakened bone tissue

Question 22

pressure injury

Answer 22

localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue

Question 23

range of motion (ROM)

Answer 23

maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body

Question 24

renal calculi

Answer 24

calcium stones that pass through the ureter

Question 25

shear

Answer 25

the force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move

Question 26

thrombus

Answer 26

accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of the vein or artery

Question 27

trapeze bar

Answer 27

triangular device that hangs down from a securely fastened overhead bar that is attached to the bedframe

Question 28

trochanter roll

Answer 28

prevents external rotation of the hips when a patient is in supine position

Question 29

urinary stasis

Answer 29

the renal pelvis fills before urine enters the ureters

Question 30

venous thromboembolism (VTE)

Answer 30

blood clot in the vein

Question 31

virchow triad

Answer 31

1 - damage to blood vessel
2 - alteration of blood flow
3 - alterations in clotting factors or platelet activity