Nutrition, Body Weight and Homeostasis Flashcards
Define anabolic processes
Processes that use energy and raw materials to make larger molecules for growth and maintenance
Define energy
The capacity to do work
What are the 5 types of work in the body and give an example of each?
biosynthetic work - synthesis of cellular components
transport work - movement of ions and nutrients
mechanical work - muscle contraction
electrical work - nervous conduction
osmotic work - kidney function
What type of energy do cells use?
Chemical bond energy
Define 1Kcal
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 degree celsius
How many essential amino acids are there and what are they?
There are 9 essential amino acids:
isoleucine, lysine, threonine, histidine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine
Name 2 essential fatty acids
linolenic
linoleic
What disease does vitamin D deficiency lead to?
Rickets
What disease does vitamin C deficiency lead to?
Scurvy
What disease does vitamin B12 deficiency lead to?
Anaemia
Why can’t humans digest cellulose?
We do not possess the enzymes to break down the beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds that are present in cellulose.
State 2 things that a high fibre diet should reduce
cholesterol levels
risk of diabetes
State 2 things that can occur as a result of a low fibre diet
constipation
bowel cancer
What is the BMR and which processes affect it?
BMR = basal metabolic rate
Maintenance of cells, function of organs and maintaining body temperature
What factors affect BMR?
body size
gender
endocrine status
external and internal temperature
Define obesity
The excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue which impairs health. BMI>30
What is the BMI equation?
BMI = (weight(kg)) / (height^2(m^2))
What is Kwashiorkor?
A form of malnutrition. Low protein intake leads to insufficient blood protein synthesis which leads to a decrease in plasma oncotic pressure and oedema.
What is the equation for Starling’s Law of the Capillary? Define each part of it.
Flow (net) = (Pc - Pi) - ( πc - πi)
Flow(net) = net flow of fluid from capillary to interstitium Pc = hydrostatic pressure of capillary Pi = hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid πc = oncotic pressure of capillary πi = oncotic pressure of interstitial fluid
Which hormone acts solely on the liver?
Glucagon
stimulates glycogenolysis
Define catabolic processes
Processes that break down molecules to release energy in the form of reducing power
What does RNI stand for?
Reference nutrient intake
What does EAR stand for?
Estimated average requirement
What does LRNI stand for?
Lower reference nutrient intake
What are DRVs?
Dietary reference values
