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Animal nutrition > Nutrition - animal feeds, practical (+ images) > Flashcards

Nutrition - animal feeds, practical (+ images) Flashcards

1
Q

identify

A

timothy

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2
Q

identify

A

fescue grass

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3
Q

identify

A

ryegrass (loilium)

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4
Q

identify

A

maize

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5
Q

identify

A

clover (red & white)

legume

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6
Q

identify

A

lucerne

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7
Q

how many MJ energy in fresh forage?
how bout
silage,
hay and
straw

A

fresh forage 10 MJ
silage 9 MJ
hay 8 MJ
straw 6 MJ

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8
Q

identify

A

wheat

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9
Q

identify

A

barley

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10
Q

identify

A

triticale

is a hybrid of wheat and rye

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11
Q

identify

A

rye

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12
Q

identify

A

oats

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13
Q

identify

A

maize

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14
Q

identify

A

oats

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15
Q

identify

A

barley

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16
Q

how to quickly convert energy content in calories to kilojoules

A

multiply the calorie figure by 4.2.

(remember calories and kilocalories are used interchangeably to mean the same thing)

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17
Q

Feed categorization in 10 parts

A
  1. Forages
  2. Straw
  3. Grains, legume seeds
  4. Oilseeds
  5. Tubers and roots
  6. Animal products
  7. Microbial feeds
  8. Mineral feeds
  9. Feed additives
  10. Compound feeds
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18
Q

Compared to grasses legumes have: (2)

A
  1. more protein,
  2. less fiber
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19
Q

Fill in the gaps.

Maize have a lot of —-?—- (due to starch), but are low in —?—-.

A

Maize have a lot of energy (due to starch), but are low in protein.

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20
Q

dry matter content in haylage

A

Haylage – Dry matter 60-80%

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21
Q

dry matter content in hay

A

Hay – Dryed forage, dry matter >80%.

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22
Q

straw crude fiber content?

A

Extremely fiborous (CF >40 %)

23
Q

identify

A

rye

24
Q

identify

A

wheat

25
Q

identify

A

Whole-crop cereal

26
Q

identify

A

High moisture cereal

27
Q

name 3 By-products of cereals:

A

Brewers grains
Destillers grains
Straw

28
Q

identify

A

Brewers`grains

29
Q

identify

A

Destillers`grains

30
Q

name 3 Legume seeds

A

Soybean
Faba bean
Pea

31
Q

identify

A

soybean

32
Q

identify

A

faba bean

33
Q

name 3 Oilseeds by-products

A

Rapeseed cake/meal
Soybean cake/meal
Sunflower cake/meal

34
Q

identify

A

Rapeseed cake/meal

35
Q

identify

A

Soybean cake/meal

36
Q

identify

A

Sunflower cake/meal

37
Q

Most common feed categorization for production animals?

A

Roughage vs concentrates

38
Q

Which type of roughage has the most energy?

A

fresh forage with ca 10 MJ per kg of dry matter

39
Q

what part of the plant has the most protein content in legumes?

A

the leafy parts

40
Q

the majority of animal protein feeds come from?

A

by products of oil production

41
Q

what type of oil extraction method produces cake

A

pressing

42
Q

what type of oil extraction method produces meal

A

solvent extraction

43
Q

which has more EE, cakes or meal?

A

EE = ether extract

cakes because solvent extraction (which produces meal) is more efficient in oil removable than mechanical pressing

44
Q

which has more CP, cakes or meal?

A

CP = crude protein

meal has more protein because the production method (solvent extraction) for producing meal is more effificient at removing oil, leaveing less oil and more “space” for more protein

45
Q

more CP in heat extracted or cold pressed cake?

A

heat treatment improves oil extraction so more crude protein is found in heat treated cakes because less EE present leaving more “space” for protein

46
Q

organoleptic definition

A

acting on, or involving the use of, the sense organs.

47
Q

differnce between
husk
hull
bran

A

hull = is the tough outer layer of a grain- this is outside the bran layer. Think corn husk on a smaller scale. All true grains (those that come from a grass species) have a hull.

husk = is sometimes used as a synonym for hull

bran = the outer layer of the grain kernel or seed coat

48
Q

identify

A

(left to right) wheat, barley and oat

49
Q

identify

A

barley

50
Q

identify

A

wheat

51
Q

identify

A

triticale

a hybrid of wheat and rye

52
Q

identify

A

rye

53
Q

define grain chaff

A

The chaff is the husk surrounding a seed

In grasses (including cereals such as rice, barley, oats, and wheat), the ripe seed is surrounded by thin, dry, scaly bracts, forming a dry husk (or hull) around the grain.

Once it is removed it is often referred to as chaff.

Animal nutrition (19 decks)

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