Nutrition - animal feeds, practical (+ images) Flashcards
identify
timothy
identify
fescue grass
identify
ryegrass (loilium)
identify
maize
identify
clover (red & white)
legume
identify
lucerne
how many MJ energy in fresh forage?
how bout
silage,
hay and
straw
fresh forage 10 MJ
silage 9 MJ
hay 8 MJ
straw 6 MJ
identify
wheat
identify
barley
identify
triticale
is a hybrid of wheat and rye
identify
rye
identify
oats
identify
maize
identify
oats
identify
barley
how to quickly convert energy content in calories to kilojoules
multiply the calorie figure by 4.2.
(remember calories and kilocalories are used interchangeably to mean the same thing)
Feed categorization in 10 parts
- Forages
- Straw
- Grains, legume seeds
- Oilseeds
- Tubers and roots
- Animal products
- Microbial feeds
- Mineral feeds
- Feed additives
- Compound feeds
Compared to grasses legumes have: (2)
- more protein,
- less fiber
Fill in the gaps.
Maize have a lot of —-?—- (due to starch), but are low in —?—-.
Maize have a lot of energy (due to starch), but are low in protein.
dry matter content in haylage
Haylage – Dry matter 60-80%
dry matter content in hay
Hay – Dryed forage, dry matter >80%.
straw crude fiber content?
Extremely fiborous (CF >40 %)
identify
rye
identify
wheat
identify
Whole-crop cereal
identify
High moisture cereal
name 3 By-products of cereals:
Brewers grains
Destillers grains
Straw
identify
Brewers`grains
identify
Destillers`grains
name 3 Legume seeds
Soybean
Faba bean
Pea
identify
soybean
identify
faba bean
name 3 Oilseeds by-products
Rapeseed cake/meal
Soybean cake/meal
Sunflower cake/meal
identify
Rapeseed cake/meal
identify
Soybean cake/meal
identify
Sunflower cake/meal
Most common feed categorization for production animals?
Roughage vs concentrates
Which type of roughage has the most energy?
fresh forage with ca 10 MJ per kg of dry matter
what part of the plant has the most protein content in legumes?
the leafy parts
the majority of animal protein feeds come from?
by products of oil production
what type of oil extraction method produces cake
pressing
what type of oil extraction method produces meal
solvent extraction
which has more EE, cakes or meal?
EE = ether extract
cakes because solvent extraction (which produces meal) is more efficient in oil removable than mechanical pressing
which has more CP, cakes or meal?
CP = crude protein
meal has more protein because the production method (solvent extraction) for producing meal is more effificient at removing oil, leaveing less oil and more “space” for more protein
more CP in heat extracted or cold pressed cake?
heat treatment improves oil extraction so more crude protein is found in heat treated cakes because less EE present leaving more “space” for protein
organoleptic definition
acting on, or involving the use of, the sense organs.
differnce between
husk
hull
bran
hull = is the tough outer layer of a grain- this is outside the bran layer. Think corn husk on a smaller scale. All true grains (those that come from a grass species) have a hull.
husk = is sometimes used as a synonym for hull
bran = the outer layer of the grain kernel or seed coat
identify
(left to right) wheat, barley and oat
identify
barley
identify
wheat
identify
triticale
a hybrid of wheat and rye
identify
rye
define grain chaff
The chaff is the husk surrounding a seed
In grasses (including cereals such as rice, barley, oats, and wheat), the ripe seed is surrounded by thin, dry, scaly bracts, forming a dry husk (or hull) around the grain.
Once it is removed it is often referred to as chaff.
