Nutrition and Metabolism Flashcards
Factors affecting or influencing a person’s nutritional intake and the body’s metabolism
o Physiologic/genetic
o Psychological
o Socio-cultural
o Socio-economic status
o Health-related
Focus of nursing health history
Identify those with poor nutritional status using nutritional assessment or nutritional screening
Sample diagnosis
- Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements
- Overweight
- Activity Intolerance
- Constipation
- Tissue Integrity
Focus of planning
- Maintain or restore optimal nutritional status
- Regain or decrease specified weight
- Promote healthy nutritional practices
- Prevent complications associated with malnutrition or problems affecting the GI system and functions
Sample interventions
- Nutrition Management
- Nutrition Support
- Nutrition Therapy
Subjective cues
o Data from nursing health history
o Nutritional history: 24-hour food recall; diet history
Objective cues
o Age; height and weight; BMI; skinfold measurements
o Physical examination
o Laboratory data
Determines fat stores
skinfold measurement
objective data for nutritional assessment
biochemical data
biochemical data tests most commonly
serum proteins
urinary urea nitrogen and creatinine
true or false: signs must be viewed as suggestive of malnutrition because the signs are nonspecific
true
Apathetic, listless, looks tired, easily fatigued
general appearance
Dry, flaky, or scaly; pale or pigmented; presence of petechiae or bruises; lack of subcutaneous fat; edema
skin
Brittle, pale, ridged, or spoon shaped (iron)
nails
Dry, dull, sparse, loss of color, brittle
hair
Pale or red conjunctiva, dryness, soft cornea, dull cornea, night blindness (vitamin A deficiency)
eyes
Swollen, red cracks at side of mouth, vertical fissures (B vitamins)
lips
Swollen, beefy red or magenta colored (B vitamins); smooth appearance (B vitamins deficiency); decrease or increase in size
tongue
Spongy, swollen, inflamed; bleed easily (vitamin C deficiency)
gums
Underdeveloped, flaccid, wasted, soft
muscles
Anorexia, indigestion, diarrhea, constipation, enlarged liver, protruding abdomen
GI system
Decreased reflexes, sensory loss, burning and tingling of hands and feet (B vitamins), mental confusion or irritability
nervous system
client’s usual eating patterns
dietary data
Recall all of the food and beverages the client consumes during a typical 24-hour period when at home
24-hour food recall
-An assessment performed to identify clients at risk for malnutrition or those who are malnourished.
- For clients who are found to be at moderate or high risk for malnutrition
NUTRITIONAL SCREENING
t/f : 5% or more in 1 month, 7.5% or more
in 3 months, or 10% or more in 6 months receive a
full nutritional assessment by a nurse.
true
-method of classifying clients as either well nourished, moderately malnourished, or severely malnourished based on a dietary history and physical examination
-It was established primarily for use with cancer clients, but has been widely tested and is appropriate for both inpatient and outpatient clients with various diagnoses
Patient-Generated Subjective
Global Assessment (PG-SGA)
estimates that approximately half of hospitalized, nursing home, and home care older adults are malnourished.
Nutrition Screening
Initiative (NSI)
performed to determine fat stores
A skinfold measurement
is a measure of fat, muscle, and skeleton.
mid-arm circumference (MAC)
An estimate of lean body mass, or skeletal muscle
reserves
Mid-arm muscle area (MAMA)
the blood and urine, therefore, directly reflect the intake and breakdown of dietary protein, the rate of urea production in the liver, and the rate of urea removal by the kidneys
Urea concentration
○ chief end product of amino acid metabolism
○ formed from ammonia detoxified by the liver, circulated in the blood, and transported to the kidneys for excretion in urine
Urea
-reflects a person’s total muscle mass because creatinine is the chief end product of the creatine produced when energy is released during skeletal muscle metabolism
-the rate of creatinine formation is directly proportional to the total muscle mass.
-Creatinine is removed from the bloodstream by the kidneys and excreted in the urine at a rate that closely parallels its formation
Urinary creatinine
T/F The total number of lymphocyte white blood cells decreases as protein depletion occurs.
true
checklist that indicates how often general food groups or specific foods are eaten
○ Food Frequency Record
