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ansc 107 > Nutrition and Feedstuffs > Flashcards

Nutrition and Feedstuffs Flashcards

1
Q

T/F fat is 3x the energy of carbohydrates

A

FALSE
fat is 2x the energy of carbohydrates

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2
Q

would a cow with low quality forage need a protein supplement

A

yes to allow for more nitrogen to enter the system

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3
Q

What enzyme is used for milk digestion

A

Renin

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4
Q

What component of feed transports nutrients, regulates body temp, and is a part of chemical reactions

A

water

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5
Q

what should be treated in an acidosis situation

A

Rumen pH

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6
Q

how can acidosis affect the liver

A

it can cause liver abscesses from bacteria escaping rumen

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7
Q

what is the most expensive feed type

A

protein

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8
Q

what would you feed ruminants to increase protein levels

A

urea

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9
Q

what controls flow of digesta from stomach to small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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10
Q

what cells produce HCL in stomach

A

parietal cells

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11
Q

where are vitamin B and K produced in a horse

A

cecum

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12
Q

T/F whole cottonseed is a really good animal feed

A

TRUE its high in fat and protein

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13
Q

what are volatile fatty acids the product of

A

bacterial fermentation

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14
Q

what is the energy source for ruminants

A

Volatile fatty acids

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15
Q

what are carbohydrates formed by

A

photosynthesis in plants

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16
Q

what in the chemical structure determines the digestibility of a substance

A

the direction of the bonds

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17
Q

disaccharide

A

two sugar molecules

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18
Q

sucrose is made of?

A

glucose and fructose

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19
Q

lactose is made of?

A

glucose and galactose

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20
Q

cellobiose is made of?

A

glucose and glucose

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21
Q

what linkage do simple carbohydrates have

A

alpha linkages

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22
Q

which bonds are easily broken during digestion

A

alpha linkages

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23
Q

what can break beta linkages

A

microbes

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24
Q

what besides ruminants can digest roughage/break beta linkages

A

termites

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25
Q

what vitamins are needed for survival

A

A,B,C,D,E,K

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26
Q

fat soluble vitamines

A

A,D,E,K

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27
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B,C

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28
Q

what vitamins do ruminants produce

A

water soluble and K

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29
Q

which vitamin helps eyesight/night blindness is associated with the lack of which?

A

Vitamin A

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30
Q

lack of what vitamin can stop spermatogenesis

A

vitamin A

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31
Q

Vitamin D can prevent which 2 diseases

A

Rickets, Urinary calculi

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32
Q

what vitamin is needed to absorb calcium

A

Vitamin D

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33
Q

what vitamin is needed for normal blood clotting

A

Vitamin K

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34
Q

what vitamin would you give to a pet that ate rat poisoning

A

vitamin K

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35
Q

Polioencephalomalacia

A

cause by thiamine deficiency, swelling of the brain

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36
Q

stages of Polioencephalomalacia

A

Stage 1-staring off into space
Stage 2-head buried in corner
stage 3-on side running in place

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37
Q

how to fix Polioencephalomalacia

A

5 mL thiamine for stage 1 or 2, becomes harder to fix once it reaches stage 3

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38
Q

macro vs micro

A

macro-need in large amounts
micro-need small amounts

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39
Q

top two macro minerals

A

calcium
potassium

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40
Q

macro minerals

A

calcium
potassium
phosphorous
magnesium
sodium
sulfur
chlorine

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41
Q

why do pigs need an iron shot when born

A

bc they’re raised on concrete

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42
Q

which animal cant handle much copper

A

sheep

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43
Q

cattle, horses, and pigs need more of what mineral

A

copper

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44
Q

what does copper help with

A

pigmentation

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45
Q

which mineral helps with strong blood

A

iron

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46
Q

deficiency of what mineral can cause goiter

A

iodine

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47
Q

what happens if there is too much copper

A

copper displaces iron and red blood cells explode, urine will be maroon

48
Q

how to treat too much copper

A

give molybdenum to bind copper

49
Q

what animals is sulfur most needed in

A

wool producing animals

50
Q

what simple carbohydrate is in animal starch

A

glycogen

51
Q

what mineral is associated with vitamin E

A

Selenium

52
Q

where is vitamin A stored

A

Liver

53
Q

what is bo-se used to treat

A

selenium overdose

54
Q

white muscle disease is caused by a deficiency of which mineral

A

selenium

55
Q

what is the minimum Ca:P ratio

A

2:1

56
Q

thyroid issues are caused by a lack of what mineral

A

iodine

57
Q

what is milk fever caused by

A

calcium deficciency

58
Q

what mineral is useful for medicating animals

A

salt

59
Q

T/F salt can regulate food intake

A

TRUE

60
Q

forages are high in _______ and low in __________

A

high Calcium
low phosphorous

61
Q

grains are high in ________ and low in ___________

A

high phosphorous
low calcium

62
Q

where does urinary calculi become more common in cattle? why?

A

feedlot, they are fed a lot of grain which is low in calcium

63
Q

how can adding soap to water prevent bloat

A

bloat is caused by gas being trapped in bubbles, soap breaks the surface tension of the bubbles releasing the gas

64
Q

grass tetany is associated with which mineral

A

low magnesium

65
Q

an animal is having convulsions, salivation, and is frothing at the mouth, what is causing this

A

Grass tetany/low blood Mg

66
Q

why can too much sulfur be bad

A

it interacts with molybdenum and copper and create an insufficiency in other needed minerals

67
Q

milk goiter

A

temporary swelling of the neck during lactation

68
Q

which mineral has an oxygen carrying capacity

A

iron

69
Q

what would you look for/at in dogs and cats to check for anemia

A

pale eyes or gums

70
Q

what mineral is important for reproductive and immune functions

A

Zinc

71
Q

what is an ionophore

A

used to prevent toxidia

72
Q

what is the function of Rabon

A

fly control

73
Q

what is the function of decoquinate(deccox)

A

coccidia control

74
Q

giving an animal lasalocid would increase production of what? why?

A

propionate, it would get rid of the less effective bacteria in the rumen that produce other VFAs

75
Q

what is ammonia chloride used to treat? How?

A

urinary calculi, it makes the urine more acidic which dissolves the bladder stones

76
Q

what factors will be evaluated on all feed tags

A

digestibility(TDN)
percent crude protein
percent fat
percent fiber
calcium/phosphorous

77
Q

what 2 things should you look at when choosing dog food

A

protein and fat

78
Q

T/F corn seed is a bad roughage since its not easily digestible

A

FALSE. corn seed is made of cellulose which is easily digestible

79
Q

carbonaceous concentrates are high in _______
and low in ________, __________

A

high energy
low fiber and protein

80
Q

what is the protein percentage of most carbonaceous concentrates

A

10%

81
Q

T/F unprocessed corm and milo can easily be broken down by the digestive tract and used for nutrients

A

FALSE, unprocessed corn and milo will pass through the system mostly unbroken down

82
Q

why do we not make blood meal from cows

A

mad cow disease

83
Q

what is dried distillers grain a byproduct of

A

ethanol

84
Q

dried distillers grain is high in what

A

protein

85
Q

why would you put urea in molasses to feed to ruminants

A

the urea provides protein and the molasses improves taste and provides the carbon skeleton needed to build amino acids

86
Q

nutrition requirements are divided into what two categories

A

maintenance and production

87
Q

T/F feedlots have low maintenance requirements

A

TRUE

88
Q

nutrients for maintenance are used to do what(what maintenance is needed)

A

repair body tissue
control body temp
provide energy for organs to function
maintain water balance

89
Q

why do monogastrics need a more balanced diet in regards to amino acids

A

monogastrics don’t have a rumen to produce their own amino acids

90
Q

when does the majority of fetal growth happen in sheeps

A

last 50 days of pregnancy

91
Q

what is the most common limiting nutrient affecting reproduction

A

energy

92
Q

what will happen to a female if she doesn’t have enough energy(in regards to reproduction)

A

she wont cycle

93
Q

what happens if you overfeed an animal while pregnant

A

dystocia since fetus will get too big

94
Q

ketosis

A

energy demands exceed energy intake leading to a negative energy balance

95
Q

what is plant starch

A

amylase

96
Q

what is animal starch

A

glycogen

97
Q

what bind selenium

A

arsenic

98
Q

what do you need to watch for in high urea feeds

A

N:S ratio

99
Q

what is selenium used for

A
100
Q

examples of carbonaceous concentrates

A

corn
milo

101
Q

problem associated with too much carbonaceous concentrate

A

acedosis

102
Q

factors affecting maintenance requirements

A

degree of cold stress
degree of heat stress
genetic propensity for milk production
exercise
weight

103
Q

factors affecting maintenance requirements

A

degree of cold stress
degree of heat stress
genetic propensity for milk production
exercise
weight

104
Q

what is absorbed in the rumen wall

A

VFAs and urea

105
Q

what disaccharide can bacteria digest

A

cellbiose

106
Q

what can ONLY microbes digest

A

cellulose

107
Q

which vitamin is provided by sunlight

A

Vitamin D

108
Q

what is rickets

A

fragile bones, associated with vitamin D deficiency

109
Q

vitamin B1 is also known as what

A

Thiamine

110
Q

what minerals does sulfur interact with

A

Mo and copper

111
Q

what problem is associated with low iodine

A

goiter

112
Q

medicine to reduce parasite load

A

bioworma

113
Q

when does the rumen start functioning

A

60 days

114
Q

what divides the two regions of the horse stomach

A

margo plicatus

115
Q

what secretes the majority of the digestive juices

A

pancreas

116
Q

three sections of large intestine

A

cecum
colon
rectum

117
Q

length of a horses small intestine

A

70 feet

ansc 107 (18 decks)

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