Nutrition and Feedstuffs Flashcards
1
Q
T/F fat is 3x the energy of carbohydrates
A
FALSE
fat is 2x the energy of carbohydrates
2
Q
would a cow with low quality forage need a protein supplement
A
yes to allow for more nitrogen to enter the system
3
Q
What enzyme is used for milk digestion
A
Renin
4
Q
What component of feed transports nutrients, regulates body temp, and is a part of chemical reactions
A
water
5
Q
what should be treated in an acidosis situation
A
Rumen pH
6
Q
how can acidosis affect the liver
A
it can cause liver abscesses from bacteria escaping rumen
7
Q
what is the most expensive feed type
A
protein
8
Q
what would you feed ruminants to increase protein levels
A
urea
9
Q
what controls flow of digesta from stomach to small intestine
A
pyloric sphincter
10
Q
what cells produce HCL in stomach
A
parietal cells
11
Q
where are vitamin B and K produced in a horse
A
cecum
12
Q
T/F whole cottonseed is a really good animal feed
A
TRUE its high in fat and protein
13
Q
what are volatile fatty acids the product of
A
bacterial fermentation
14
Q
what is the energy source for ruminants
A
Volatile fatty acids
15
Q
what are carbohydrates formed by
A
photosynthesis in plants
16
Q
what in the chemical structure determines the digestibility of a substance
A
the direction of the bonds
17
Q
disaccharide
A
two sugar molecules
18
Q
sucrose is made of?
A
glucose and fructose
19
Q
lactose is made of?
A
glucose and galactose
20
Q
cellobiose is made of?
A
glucose and glucose
21
Q
what linkage do simple carbohydrates have
A
alpha linkages
22
Q
which bonds are easily broken during digestion
A
alpha linkages
23
Q
what can break beta linkages
A
microbes
24
Q
what besides ruminants can digest roughage/break beta linkages
A
termites
25
what vitamins are needed for survival
A,B,C,D,E,K
26
fat soluble vitamines
A,D,E,K
27
water soluble vitamins
B,C
28
what vitamins do ruminants produce
water soluble and K
29
which vitamin helps eyesight/night blindness is associated with the lack of which?
Vitamin A
30
lack of what vitamin can stop spermatogenesis
vitamin A
31
Vitamin D can prevent which 2 diseases
Rickets, Urinary calculi
32
what vitamin is needed to absorb calcium
Vitamin D
33
what vitamin is needed for normal blood clotting
Vitamin K
34
what vitamin would you give to a pet that ate rat poisoning
vitamin K
35
Polioencephalomalacia
cause by thiamine deficiency, swelling of the brain
36
stages of Polioencephalomalacia
Stage 1-staring off into space
Stage 2-head buried in corner
stage 3-on side running in place
37
how to fix Polioencephalomalacia
5 mL thiamine for stage 1 or 2, becomes harder to fix once it reaches stage 3
38
macro vs micro
macro-need in large amounts
micro-need small amounts
39
top two macro minerals
calcium
potassium
40
macro minerals
calcium
potassium
phosphorous
magnesium
sodium
sulfur
chlorine
41
why do pigs need an iron shot when born
bc they're raised on concrete
42
which animal cant handle much copper
sheep
43
cattle, horses, and pigs need more of what mineral
copper
44
what does copper help with
pigmentation
45
which mineral helps with strong blood
iron
46
deficiency of what mineral can cause goiter
iodine
47
what happens if there is too much copper
copper displaces iron and red blood cells explode, urine will be maroon
48
how to treat too much copper
give molybdenum to bind copper
49
what animals is sulfur most needed in
wool producing animals
50
what simple carbohydrate is in animal starch
glycogen
51
what mineral is associated with vitamin E
Selenium
52
where is vitamin A stored
Liver
53
what is bo-se used to treat
selenium overdose
54
white muscle disease is caused by a deficiency of which mineral
selenium
55
what is the minimum Ca:P ratio
2:1
56
thyroid issues are caused by a lack of what mineral
iodine
57
what is milk fever caused by
calcium deficciency
58
what mineral is useful for medicating animals
salt
59
T/F salt can regulate food intake
TRUE
60
forages are high in _______ and low in __________
high Calcium
low phosphorous
61
grains are high in ________ and low in ___________
high phosphorous
low calcium
62
where does urinary calculi become more common in cattle? why?
feedlot, they are fed a lot of grain which is low in calcium
63
how can adding soap to water prevent bloat
bloat is caused by gas being trapped in bubbles, soap breaks the surface tension of the bubbles releasing the gas
64
grass tetany is associated with which mineral
low magnesium
65
an animal is having convulsions, salivation, and is frothing at the mouth, what is causing this
Grass tetany/low blood Mg
66
why can too much sulfur be bad
it interacts with molybdenum and copper and create an insufficiency in other needed minerals
67
milk goiter
temporary swelling of the neck during lactation
68
which mineral has an oxygen carrying capacity
iron
69
what would you look for/at in dogs and cats to check for anemia
pale eyes or gums
70
what mineral is important for reproductive and immune functions
Zinc
71
what is an ionophore
used to prevent toxidia
72
what is the function of Rabon
fly control
73
what is the function of decoquinate(deccox)
coccidia control
74
giving an animal lasalocid would increase production of what? why?
propionate, it would get rid of the less effective bacteria in the rumen that produce other VFAs
75
what is ammonia chloride used to treat? How?
urinary calculi, it makes the urine more acidic which dissolves the bladder stones
76
what factors will be evaluated on all feed tags
digestibility(TDN)
percent crude protein
percent fat
percent fiber
calcium/phosphorous
77
what 2 things should you look at when choosing dog food
protein and fat
78
T/F corn seed is a bad roughage since its not easily digestible
FALSE. corn seed is made of cellulose which is easily digestible
79
carbonaceous concentrates are high in _______
and low in ________, __________
high energy
low fiber and protein
80
what is the protein percentage of most carbonaceous concentrates
10%
81
T/F unprocessed corm and milo can easily be broken down by the digestive tract and used for nutrients
FALSE, unprocessed corn and milo will pass through the system mostly unbroken down
82
why do we not make blood meal from cows
mad cow disease
83
what is dried distillers grain a byproduct of
ethanol
84
dried distillers grain is high in what
protein
85
why would you put urea in molasses to feed to ruminants
the urea provides protein and the molasses improves taste and provides the carbon skeleton needed to build amino acids
86
nutrition requirements are divided into what two categories
maintenance and production
87
T/F feedlots have low maintenance requirements
TRUE
88
nutrients for maintenance are used to do what(what maintenance is needed)
repair body tissue
control body temp
provide energy for organs to function
maintain water balance
89
why do monogastrics need a more balanced diet in regards to amino acids
monogastrics don't have a rumen to produce their own amino acids
90
when does the majority of fetal growth happen in sheeps
last 50 days of pregnancy
91
what is the most common limiting nutrient affecting reproduction
energy
92
what will happen to a female if she doesn't have enough energy(in regards to reproduction)
she wont cycle
93
what happens if you overfeed an animal while pregnant
dystocia since fetus will get too big
94
ketosis
energy demands exceed energy intake leading to a negative energy balance
95
what is plant starch
amylase
96
what is animal starch
glycogen
97
what bind selenium
arsenic
98
what do you need to watch for in high urea feeds
N:S ratio
99
what is selenium used for
100
examples of carbonaceous concentrates
corn
milo
101
problem associated with too much carbonaceous concentrate
acedosis
102
factors affecting maintenance requirements
degree of cold stress
degree of heat stress
genetic propensity for milk production
exercise
weight
103
factors affecting maintenance requirements
degree of cold stress
degree of heat stress
genetic propensity for milk production
exercise
weight
104
what is absorbed in the rumen wall
VFAs and urea
105
what disaccharide can bacteria digest
cellbiose
106
what can ONLY microbes digest
cellulose
107
which vitamin is provided by sunlight
Vitamin D
108
what is rickets
fragile bones, associated with vitamin D deficiency
109
vitamin B1 is also known as what
Thiamine
110
what minerals does sulfur interact with
Mo and copper
111
what problem is associated with low iodine
goiter
112
medicine to reduce parasite load
bioworma
113
when does the rumen start functioning
60 days
114
what divides the two regions of the horse stomach
margo plicatus
115
what secretes the majority of the digestive juices
pancreas
116
three sections of large intestine
cecum
colon
rectum
117
length of a horses small intestine
70 feet
