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ansc 107 > comparative digestive systems > Flashcards

comparative digestive systems Flashcards

1
Q

what organ is the cecum similar to in ruminants

A

the rumen

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2
Q

what organ to humans have that used to function similar the the cecum

A

the apendix

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3
Q

crop(gallus)

A

storage compartment for food that feeds into the gizzard

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4
Q

salivary amylase

A

enzyme in saliva that breaks down sugar

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5
Q

what animal does not have salivary amylase in their saliva, and where is it

A

cows, it is in their nose

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6
Q

order of microbial importance(most to least)

A

ruminants
horses
monogastric

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7
Q

where is the cecum on on modified monogastric

A

at the end of the system

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8
Q

why cant horses get protein from bacterial fermentation in the cecum

A

because the cecum is at the end of the semester

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9
Q

microbial crude protein

A

bacteria in rumen that makes it work, when they’re washed out of the rumen they get digested as protein

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10
Q

which stomach compartment is also known as the butchers bible

A

the omasum

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11
Q

why should you not feed horses a lot before or after workout

A

digestion uses a lot of blood flow so you don’t want blood diverted to other areas

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12
Q

passage rate of monogastric

A

8-12 hours

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13
Q

passage rate of ruminants

A

96-120 hours

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14
Q

crude protein of urea

A

280

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15
Q

mucin

A

lubrication aid for swallowing

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16
Q

bicarbonate salts

A

buffer to regulate pH in stomach

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17
Q

urea cycle

A

capture of nitrogen by ruminants, if it leaves the system it fertilizes the ground and produces nitrogen rich grass to reenter the system

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18
Q

reticulum volume

A

5%

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19
Q

Rumen volume

A

80%

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20
Q

omasum volume

A

7-8%

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21
Q

abomasum volume

A

8-9%

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22
Q

scratch factor

A

you need rough food to rub against the side of rumen to keep papillae healthy

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23
Q

which compartment is referred to as the honeycomb

A

reticulum

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24
Q

what can cause bacteria in rumen to die

A

acidosis(change in pH)

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25
Q

what causes acidosis

A

too much readily digestible nutrients

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26
Q

deamination

A

removes amino group to make amino acids

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27
Q

why should you feed ruminants extra protein in the winter

A

grass doesn’t have enough nitrogen

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28
Q

three main VFAs

A

propionate
Acetate
Butyrate

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29
Q

what happens if gasses are not expelled properly

A

animal will bloat and can cause death if not treated

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30
Q

how to recognize bloat

A

rumen will swell causing left side of body to look abnormally large

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31
Q

what is the purpose of the urea cycle

A

preserve nitrogen in the system

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32
Q

laminae

A

folds in the papillae in the omasum

33
Q

functions of omasum

A

reduce particle size
absorb water

34
Q

papillae in the omasum

A

smaller and denser than the rumen

35
Q

stomach acidity of monogastric

36
Q

digestive juices secreted by stomach

A

gastrin
HCL
pepsin
rennin

37
Q

what causes ulcers

38
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

separates duodenum from the stomach

39
Q

where are gastric juices held

A

glandular region

40
Q

purpose for large non glandular region

A

roughage requires more space
no regurgitation

41
Q

what is gastrin released in response to

A

stomach expansion
partially digested proteins
hypercalcemia(altered calcium levels)

42
Q

what does statin mean

43
Q

what does gastrin do

A

causes release of digestive enzymes

44
Q

what inhibits gastrin

A

acid(HCL) in stomach
somatostatin

45
Q

what does HCL activate

46
Q

pepsinogen function

A

begins protein digestion

47
Q

what are pepsinogens released by

A

chief cells

48
Q

rennin function

A

digest mothers milk

49
Q

chyme

A

liquid feedstuff

50
Q

duodenum effect on chyme

A

makes it more basic

51
Q

what part of small intestine is largest in diameter

52
Q

what part of small intestine is largest by length

53
Q

where are payers patches located

A

the illium

54
Q

what are payers patches

A

clusters of immune cells

55
Q

bile salts

A

emulsify fats in the liver

56
Q

peptidase

A

substrate: peptides

57
Q

lactase

A

substrate: lactose

58
Q

sucrase

A

substrate: sucrose

59
Q

maltase

A

substrate: maltose

60
Q

chymotrypsin

A

substrate: protein

61
Q

trypsin

A

substrate: protein

62
Q

lipase

A

substrate: tryglycerides(lipids)

63
Q

amylase

A

substrates: carbohydrates

64
Q

maintenance energy

A

energy needed for survival

65
Q

lignin

A

indigestible(hard cell wall)

66
Q

cellulos

A

digestible(soft cell wall)

67
Q

T/F cell walls are complex carbohydrates

68
Q

what is metabolic water

A

byproduct of chemical reaction

69
Q

what beside ruminants can digest fiber

A

horses(and koalas)

70
Q

factors affecting water intake

A

temp
feed type
pasture
water quality
stage of production

71
Q

when is urinary calculi more common. why?

A

winter, goats feel less need to drink water since its cold

72
Q

what amino acid do pigs need

73
Q

what amino acid do cats need

74
Q

amino acids needed by small animals

A

cysteine
methionine

75
Q

PVT amino acids

A

phenylalanine
valine
threonine

76
Q

TIM amino acids

A

tryptophan
isoleucine
methionine

77
Q

HALL amino acids

A

histidine
arginine
lysine
leucine

78
Q

saturated indicated what in regards to fatty acids structure

A

no double bonds

ansc 107 (18 decks)

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