environmental physiology Flashcards
homeotherm
temp an animals body must maintain for health
effective temperature
total heating or cooling power of the environment
impacted by wind, humidity, and solar radiation
horse homeotherm
100 F
cattle homeotherm
101.5 F
sheep homeotherm
102 F
goat homeotherm
102 F
swine homeotherm
102.5 F
chicken homeotherm
107 F
factors affecting critical temperature
haircoat
subcutaneous fat
nutrition level
wet or dry
TNZ
thermal neutral zone: you don’t need to use energy to heat or cool yourself
thermal neutral zone
heat production and heat loss are equal
thyroxine
increase during cold stress and decrease during heat stress
corticoids
increases appetite. level increases in cold and decreases in heat
most effective method of reducing heat stress
evaporative cooling
things necessary for evaporative cooling
water and lack of humidity
cheapest method of reducing heat stress
shade
zone cooling
blowing air onto the head of the animal so you don’t have to cool the entire building
ventilation
one of the most important things when raising livestock
causes of pneumonia
poor ventilation and ammonia(urine)
nutrition effects on temp
extra nutrition increases body temp
type of feed for winter
high fiber or alfalfa
type of feed for summer
concentrate or low in fiber
major problem facing livestock management
waste disposal
uses for manure
fertilizer or compost
methane production
