Nutrition And Energy Systems 1

Question 0

The site of cell respiration

Answer 0

Mitochondria

Question 1

Cellular respiration

Answer 1

The release of energy in the form of ATP from organic compounds in cells

Question 2

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 + 6H20 ➡️ 6 CO2 + 12 H20 energy

Answer 2

Cellular respiration equation

Question 3

Adenosine tri phosphate

Answer 3

(ATP) the energy currency of the cell

Question 4

What does the removal of the outermost phosphate do of ATP?

Answer 4

Releases energy for cellular activity and muscle contraction

Question 5

Phosphocreatine system (ATP-CP)

Answer 5

Re synthesizes ATP by the hydrolysis of phosphocreatine (PCr).

Phosphate is removed from PCr and added to ADP to reform ATP

Question 6

When does (ATP-CP) occur?

Answer 6

At the onset of intense exercise without oxygen

Question 7

Lactic Acid system

Answer 7

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 8

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 8

Without the use of oxygen

Takes place in the cytoplasm

Glucose is split into two pyruvates

Yields 4 ATP with a net gain of 2 ATP

Question 9

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 9

If O2 is deficient the pyruvates are converted into lactate

Question 10

What happens to the ATP production

Answer 10

It is limited resulting in muscle fatigue

Question 11

Aerobic system

Answer 11

In the presence of oxygen pyruvate is processed with the mitochondria

Question 12

How does Acetyl-CoA form

Answer 12

Pyruvates combine with 2 coenzyme A molecules

Question 13

Krebs cycle

Answer 13

Occurs in the matrix where acety- CoA is broken down to CO2 and H +

H+ combines with electron carriers NAD and FAD

Question 14

Electron transfiguration chain

Answer 14

Occurs in mitochondrial cristae and is used to transport electrons from NADH and FADH2

Occurs at a rate of 10,000,000 ATP per sec in working cells

Oxygen acts as the final H+ acceptor to for H2O

H+ pumped across the membrane diffuses back in to generate 32 ATP ( oxidative phosphorylation )

Question 15

Beta oxidation

Answer 15

Triacylglycerol is hydrolized to form fatty acids and glycerol that can be used as an energy source for cellular respiration

Glycerol enters glycolysis to form pyruvate

Fatty acid chains are transformed into acetyl- CoA that enter the Krebs cycle

Question 16

What needs to be present in order for beta oxidation to occur?

Answer 16

O2

Question 17

Role of ATP-PCr during exercise

Answer 17

Supplies the immediate energy (3-5 sec) for short, explosive movements like sprint or swing

Question 18

Role of lactic acid in exercise

Answer 18

Supplies energy after the initial 10 sec of exercise

Used in multiple sprint sports soccer, hockey

Question 19

Role of aerobic system in exercise

Answer 19

Supplies long term energy when exercise extends longer than 2-3 min

Question 20

Oxygen deficit

Answer 20

Diff between the amt. of O2 consumed during exercise and the amt that would have been consumed if aerobic resp occurred immediately

Reflects amt of energy supplied to the muscles by the anaerobic systems

Trained athletes hVe smaller O2 deficit

Question 21

Oxygen debt

Answer 21

EPOC excess post exercise oxygen consumption

Rep the amt of O2 consumed in recovery after exercise that is above he resting level

Question 22

What cell structure is the site for electron transport chain?

Answer 22

Inner mitochondria membrane

Question 23

What substance does the carrier proteins transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 23

H+.
Small molecules
Proteins
Movement of ions