Nutrition and Energy for Life; Carbohydrate Metabolism Flashcards
The source of carbon for carbohydrate synthesis is
Select one:
a. decaying vegetable matter.
b. decaying animal matter.
c. atmospheric CO2.
d. atmospheric CO.
c. atmospheric CO2.
The diet of a vegan is
Select one:
a. mostly vegetable materials, but some fish and dairy products.
b. any foods except red meat, and products from red meats.
c. vegetable materials and no meats or animal products.
d. fruits, fish, and eggs, but no red meats.
c. vegetable materials and no meats or animal products.
Which of the following contains the greatest amount of energy that could be used by a biological system?
Select one:
a. AMP
b. ADP
c. ATP
d. STP
c. ATP
ATP is hydrolyzed to provide energy
Select one:
a. almost immediately after being formed.
b. after a short period of storage (about one hour).
c. after supplies of ADP become exhausted.
d. after being released from storage deports in adipose tissue.
a. almost immediately after being formed.
Which of the following groups could be transferred by coenzyme A?
Select one:
a. acetyl
b. methyl
c. ethyl
d. hydroxyl
a. acetyl
The chief use of acetyl coenzyme A is to provide fuel for
Select one:
a. glycolysis.
b. the electron transport chain.
c. the anaerobic sequence.
d. the citric acid cycle.
d. the citric acid cycle.
An enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of an alcohol would most likely be accompanied by the coenzyme _______.
Select one:
a. FAD
b. NAD+
c. A
d. FADH2
b. NAD+
Which of the following is correctly classified as a catabolic process?
Select one:
a. an enzyme is synthesized from amino acids
b. glycogen is formed from glucose
c. glucose is converted to CO2 and water
d. body fat is formed from fatty acids and glycerol of the body
c. glucose is converted to CO2 and water
Which of the following is correctly called a complex carbohydrate?
Select one:
a. sucrose
b. lactose
c. fructose
d. starch
d. starch
The vitamin C deficiency disease is
Select one:
a. pellagra.
b. beriberi.
c. scurvy.
d. pernicious anemia.
c. scurvy.
Of the major minerals, _______ is the most abundant in an average person.
Select one:
a. sodium
b. chloride
c. phosphorus
d. calcium
d. calcium
Consuming fiber can be the cause of constipation, but fiber is important. How does one avoid constipation and still ingest fiber?
Select one:
a. Reduce the amount of fiber to a very small portion of the diet.
b. Ignore the recommendations and don’t eat fiber.
c. Drink plenty of water along with the suggested amount of fiber.
d. There is no way to avoid problems when eating fiber.
c. Drink plenty of water along with the suggested amount of fiber.
The most common reaction of digestion is
Select one:
a. esterification.
b. saponification.
c. hydrolysis.
d. addition.
c. hydrolysis.
Which fat-soluble vitamin is involved in the process of blood clot formation?
Select one:
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin E
d. vitamin K
d. vitamin K
Which of the following vitamins serve as part of the coenzyme FAD?
Select one:
a. thiamine
b. niacin
c. riboflavin
d. retinol
c. riboflavin
Which of the following processes is exothermic?
Select one:
a. photosynthesis
b. synthesis of fats
c. the anaerobic sequence
d. the citric acid cycle
d. the citric acid cycle
Reactions requiring energy often occur with the simultaneous hydrolysis of
Select one:
a. acetyl CoA.
b. glucose.
c. ATP.
d. Pi.
c. ATP.
One of the products of photosynthesis is
Select one:
a. O2.
b. CO2.
c. H2O.
d. Na.
a. O2.
Which fat-soluble vitamin is essential for the proper utilization of calcium and phosphorous in the body?
Select one:
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin E
d. vitamin K
b. vitamin D
Calcium is a mineral that is required by humans for
Select one:
a. bone and teeth formation.
b. blood production.
c. blood buffer system.
d. liver function.
a. bone and teeth formation.
Most cellular ATP is produced within the
Select one:
a. nucleus.
b. mitochondria.
c. chloroplast.
d. cytoplasm.
b. mitochondria.
Coenzyme A is derived from the vitamin
Select one:
a. pantothenic acid.
b. riboflavin.
c. niacin.
d. thiamine.
a. pantothenic acid.
The ultimate source of energy for all biological processes is
Select one:
a. the sun.
b. fermentation.
c. aerobioglycolysis.
d. anaerobioglycolysis.
a. the sun.
Most lipids contained in food and in the human body are of what type?
Select one:
a. phospholipids
b. sphingolipids
c. triglycerides
d. unknown
c. triglycerides
Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is associated with good vision?
Select one:
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin E
d. vitamin K
a. vitamin A
Glycolysis occurs within the
Select one:
a. mitochondria
b. nucleus
c. vacuoles
d. cytoplasm
d. cytoplasm
Which of the following hormones acts to lower the blood glucose level?
Select one:
a. glucagon
b. insulin
c. epinephrine
d. DHEA
b. insulin
Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
Select one:
a. pyruvate
b. CO2 + H2O
c. lactase
d. acetyl CoA
a. pyruvate
Phosphofructokinase, one of the enzymes which regulates the glycolysis pathway, is activated by
Select one:
a. glucose
b. citrate
c. ADP
d. ATP
c. ADP
Glycogenolysis can be correctly represented by which of the following
Select one:
a. glucose –> glycogen
b. glycogen –> glucose
c. pyruvate –> glycogen
d. glyogen –> pyruvate
b. glycogen –> glucose
A condition in which glucose appears in the urine is called
Select one:
a. hypoglycemia
b. hyperglycemia
c. glucosuria
d. galactosemia
c. glucosuria
A key organ in regulating blood glucose levels is the
Select one:
a. heart
b. liver
c. adrenal cortex
d. thyroid
b. liver
Which of the following (without conversion) can be used to fuel the glycolysis pathway?
Select one:
a. glucose
b. glucose and fructose
c. fructose and galactose
d. glucose, fructose and galactose
a. glucose
A lower blood sugar level than normal is referred to as
Select one:
a. hypoglycemia
b. hyperglycemia
c. glucosuria
d. diabetes mellitus
a. hypoglycemia
If a glucose tolerance test shows an abnormally high level of glucose in the blood after several hours, the person is possibly
Select one:
a. hypoglycemic
b. diabetic
c. anemic
d. overweight
b. diabetic
The major products of carbohydrate digestion are
Select one:
a. monosaccharides
b. monosaccharides and disaccharides
c. acetyl CoA
d. pyruvic acid
a. monosaccharides
The normal blood sugar level measured after a fast of 8-12 hours is
Select one:
a. 90-100 mg/100mL
b. 40-80 mg/100mL
c. 50-70 mg/100mL
d. 70-110 mg/100mL
d. 70-110 mg/100mL
Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces ___ molecules of CO2.
Select one:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
a. 2
The pain and cramps which accompany physical exhaustion as associated with the accumulation of excess
Select one:
a. lactate
b. pyruvate
c. acetyl CoA
d. acetaldehyde
a. lactate
The final acceptor of electrons during electron transport is
Select one:
a. NAD
b. NADH2
c. FAD
d. O2
d. O2
Glycogen is stored primarily iin the liver and the
Select one:
a. heart
b. pancreas
c. muscles
d. fat deposits
c. muscles
In the electron trasport chain, FADH delivers hydrogen ions and electrons to
Select one:
a. coenzyme Q
b. NAD+
c. flavoprotein (FP)
d. cytochrome b
a. coenzyme Q
Under anaerobic conditions in the body, pyruvate is converted to
Select one:
a. ethanol
b. carbon dioxide and water
c. acetyl CoA
d. lactate
d. lactate
Under aerobic conditions in the body, pyruvate is converted to
Select one:
a. lactate
b. acetyl CoA
c. ethanol
d. acetaldehyde
b. acetyl CoA
The main source of energy for the brain is
Select one:
a. glucose
b. fatty acids
c. glycogen
d. glycerol
a. glucose
