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Organic and Biochemistry > Enzymes; Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Enzymes; Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Enzymes increase the rates of only certain reactions involving certain substances. This general characteristic is called ___________.

Select one:

a. selectivity
b. enzyme regulation
c. specificity
d. catalytic efficiency

A

c. specificity

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2
Q

An inactive form of an enzyme is called

Select one:

a. a cofactor
b. a proenzyme
c. an apoenzyme
d. an activator

A

c. an apoenzyme

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3
Q

_____________________ is an example of a cofactor required by an enzyme.

Select one:

a. Acetyl coenzyme A
b. The ferrous (Fe2+) ion
c. Lipoamide
d. The sodium ion

A

b. The ferrous (Fe2+) ion

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4
Q

A metal ion required for enzyme activity is called

Select one:

a. a cofactor
b. a proenzyme
c. a substrate
d. a zymogen

A

a. a cofactor

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5
Q

Which statement about enzymes is incorrect?

Select one:

a. Enzymes can either speed up or slow down a chemical reaction
b. Enzymes are not used up during the chemical reaction in which they are involved
c. Enzymes are proteins that are capable of reducing the activation energy
d. There are enzymes that interact with one enantiomer, but not the other

A

a. Enzymes can either speed up or slow down a chemical reaction

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6
Q

A zymogen is correctly classified as

Select one:

a. an organic cofactor for an enzyme
b. an inorganic cofactor for an enzyme
c. a coenzyme
d. an inactive precursor of an enzyme

A

d. an inactive precursor of an enzyme

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7
Q

What is the reason for performing an enzyme assay?

Select one:

a. to determine the number of enzyme molecules per liter
b. to determine the number of enzyme molecules per mL
c. to determine the activity of an enzyme
d. to determine the number of enzymes present

A

c. to determine the activity of an enzyme

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8
Q

The substrate for the digestive enzyme names sucrase is

Select one:

a. glucose
b. fructose
c. sucrose
d. lactose

A

c. sucrose

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9
Q

What is the function of an inhibitor?

Select one:

a. to slow down the rate of reaction
b. to inhibit the effect of temperature and pH changes on enzyme activity
c. to inhibit the effect of the substrate on other chemicals in the reaction environment
d. to slow down the interaction between the solvent and the substrate

A

a. to slow down the rate of reaction

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10
Q

Which of the following terms is a general definition of an enzyme?

Select one:

a. a catalyst
b. a lipid
c. a carbohydrate
d. an activator

A

a. a catalyst

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11
Q

The theory that proposes a somewhat flexible enzyme conformation is the

Select one:

a. lock-and-key theory
b. induced-fit theory
c. physically-fit theory
d. expanding-fit theory

A

b. induced-fit theory

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12
Q

Which of the following is a common function of many vitamins in the body?

Select one:

a. substrates
b. apoenzymes
c. coenzymes
d. activators

A

c. coenzymes

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13
Q

An enzyme is known to catalyze the conversion of proteins to amino acids. Which of the following would be a correct designation for the enzyme?

Select one:

a. a transferase
b. an oxidoreductase
c. a hydrolase
d. lyase

A

c. a hydrolase

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14
Q

The region of an enzyme where the substrate molecule fits is called the

Select one:

a. active site
b. substrate site
c. substrate bond
d. primary site

A

a. active site

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15
Q

An enzyme is operating at a pH that is its optimum pH. If the pH were increased, how would the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction change?

Select one:

a. increase
b. decrease
c. could increase or decrease
d. would not change

A

b. decrease

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16
Q

Which statement does not apply to the lock and key theory?

Select one:

a. explains the functioning of enzymes
b. explains the need for a specific three dimensional structure found in proteins
c. explains the reason why a particular enzyme is involved with one substrate
d. explains why a substrate-enzyme complex is so difficult to separate

A

d. explains why a substrate-enzyme complex is so difficult to separate

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17
Q

Which of the following terms can be used correctly to fill the blank in the following equation?

apoenzyme + ________ –> active enzyme

Select one:

a. zymogen
b. cofactor
c. isozyme
d. substrate

A

b. cofactor

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18
Q

The synthesis of an enzyme in response to a cellular need is called

Select one:

a. allosteric production
b. enzyme induction
c. feedback control
d. biofeedback

A

b. enzyme induction

19
Q

An enzyme valuable in diagnosing heart attacks is

Select one:

a. LDH
b. GPT
c. lipase
d. lysozyme

20
Q

Phosphase groups in a DNA chain connect the _________ positions of neighboring sugar units.

Select one:

a. 3’ and 5’
b. 2’ and 3’
c. 1’ and 6’
d. 2’ and 5’

A

a. 3’ and 5’

21
Q

Which nucleic acid carries the codons?

Select one:

a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. tRA
d. rRNA

22
Q

DNA segments in eukaryotic cells which carry information for protein synthesis are called

Select one:

a. introns
b. exons
c. heterogeneous DNA
d. heterogeneous nuclear DNA

23
Q

A region of a DNA strand carrying the information needed for the synthesis of a specific protein is called a

Select one:

a. codon
b. gene
c. chromosoome
d. complementary base pair

24
Q

How many three-letter combinations are present in the genetic code?

Select one:

a. 32
b. 64
c. 16
d. 88

25
Q

The molecular basis of mutation is most closely linked to a

Select one:

a. defect in the transcription of a genetic message to mRNA
b. change in the sequence of bases on a DNA molecule
c. defect in the rRNA of ribosomes
d. misplaced stop codon

A

b. change in the sequence of bases on a DNA molecule

26
Q

DNA replication by DNA polymerase occurs in the _______ direction on template strand.

Select one:

a. 5’ to 3’
b. 3’ to 5’
c. 1’ to 6’
d. 2’ to 5’

A

b. 3’ to 5’

27
Q

Chemicals which cause mutations are called

Select one:

a. mutagens
b. carcinogens
c. genetic inhibitors
d. genetic modifiers

A

a. mutagens

28
Q

During transcription, the base adenine in DNA pairs with the base ______ in the new mRNA.

Select one:

a. guanine
b. thymine
c. cytosine
d. uracil

29
Q

Which of the following helps to serve as a site for protein synthesis?

Select one:

a. DNA
b. rRNA
c. tRNA
d. mRNA

30
Q

Which of the following represents the correct order in the flow of genetic information?

Select one:

a. mRNA –>DNA–>proteins
b. mRNA–>tRNA–>proteins
c. DNA–>mRNA–>proteins
d. rRNA–>mRNA–>proteins

A

c. DNA–>mRNA–>proteins

31
Q

The monomers that are chemically linked together to form nucleic acids are called

Select one:

a. purine bases
b. sugar-phosphoric residue
c. nucleotides
d. nucleosides

A

c. nucleotides

32
Q

The bonding forces between two DNA strands in a double helix are

Select one:

a. peptide linkages
b. phosphate bonds
c. acetal bonds
d. hydrogen bonds

A

d. hydrogen bonds

33
Q

To which of the following do amino acids bind during protein synthesis?

Select one:

a. DMA
b. tRNA
c. rRNA
d. mRNA

34
Q

What is the composition of one word in the DNA sentence that calls for a specific amino acid to assemble a protein?

Select one:

a. three mucleosides in sequence
b. a grouping of ATP’s
c. three nucleotides in sequence

A

c. three nucleotides in sequence

35
Q

Which of the following bases is found only in DNA?

Select one:

a. thymine
b. uracil
c. cytosine
d. guanine

A

a. thymine

36
Q

The smallest mucleic acid is

Select one:

a. DNA
b. rRNA
c. tRNA
d. mRNA

37
Q

Recombinant DNA in genetic engineering is

Select one:

a. DNA with an unusual ability to recombine
b. bacterial DNA
c. denatured DNA
d. DNA formed by combining portions of DNA from two different organisms

A

d. DNA formed by combining portions of DNA from two different organisms

38
Q

Replication of DNA produces two daughter DNA molecules in which

Select one:

a. one daughter molecule contains both parent strands and one daughter molecule contains both newly synthesized strands
b. each daughter molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand
c. each daughter molecule contains two newly synthesized strands
d. each daughter molecule contains both parent strands

A

b. each daughter molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand

39
Q

A complementary strand (written in the 5’-3’ order) for the DNA segment AGC is

Select one:

a. GCT
b. TCG
c. AGC
d. RNA

40
Q

What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

Select one:

a. Deoxyribose is a d form, whereas ribose does not form either d or l forms
b. Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than does ribose
c. Ribose is found in the straight chain structure, whereas deoxyribose is not
d. Ribose is monosaccharide, but deoxyribose is a polysaccharide

A

b. Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than does ribose

41
Q

Circular strands of DNA located in the cytoplasm of cells are called

Select one:

a. plastids
b. plasmids
c. palindromes
d. chromosomes

A

b. plasmids

42
Q

Which nucleic acid is formed during transcription?

Select one:

a. DNA
b. rRNA
c. tRNA
d. mRNA

43
Q

When the DNA sequence AGGCT is transcribed, the corresponding mRNA sequence, written 5’-3’ order, is

Select one:

a. TCCGA
b. UGGCA
c. AGCCU
d. UGCCA

44
Q

Viruses infect cells by

Select one:

a. embedding in cell membranes
b. immediate destruction of cells
c. injecting their nucleic acid into cells
d. withdrawing cellular contents

A

c. injecting their nucleic acid into cells

Organic and Biochemistry (7 decks)

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