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Organic and Biochemistry > Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins > Flashcards

Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following groups are expected to be found in carbohydrates?

Select one:

a. alcohol
b. thiol
c. methyl
d. amide

A

a. alcohol

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2
Q

Which of the following sugars fails to give a positive Benedict’s test?

Select one:

a. glucose
b. galactose
c. lactose
d. sucrose

A

d. sucrose

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3
Q

Of the 16 aldohexoses, how many exist in the D form?

Select one:

a. 8
b. 16
c. 4
d. 6

A

a. 8

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4
Q

The sweetest of the common sugars is

Select one:

a. fructose
b. glucose
c. galactose
d. maltose

A

a. fructose

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5
Q

A polysaccharide containing Beta(1–>4) linkages is

Select one:

a. cellulose
b. glycogen
c. amylose
d. amylopectin

A

a. cellulose

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6
Q

A mnonsaccharide used to form nucleic acids is

Select one:

a. glucose
b. galactose
c. ribose
d. maltose

A

c. ribose

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7
Q

A component of lactose is the sugar

Select one:

a. ribose
b. deoxyribose
c. fructose
d. galactose

A

d. galactose

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8
Q

Carbohydrates which contain two sugar units chemically linked together are called

Select one:

a. monosaccharides
b. disaccharides
c. trisaccharides
d. polysaccharides

A

b. disaccharides

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9
Q

Which of the following choices is a carbohydrate?

Select one:

a. progestin
b. formaldehyde
c. galactose
d. hexamide

A

c. galactose

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10
Q

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

Select one:

a. glucose
b. fructose
c. galactose
d. maltose

A

d. maltose

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11
Q

The cyclic form of _________ contains a furanose ring.

Select one:

a. glucose
b. maltose
c. galactose
d. fructose

A

d. fructose

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12
Q

The body stores carbohydrates as

Select one:

a. cellulose
b. glycogen
c. sucrose
d. starch

A

b. glycogen

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13
Q

Sugars which contain an aldehyde group that can be oxidized are called

Select one:

a. reducing sugars
b. oxidizing sugars
c. glycosides
d. simple sugars

A

a. reducing sugars

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14
Q

Structurally, glycogen is most similar to

Select one:

a. amylose
b. amylopectin
c. cellulose
d. sucrose

A

b. amylopectin

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15
Q

The disaccharide formed during the digestion of starch is

Select one:

a. amylose
b. lactose
c. maltose
d. sucrose

A

c. maltose

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16
Q

The simplest carbohydrates are called

Select one:

a. monosaccharides
b. disaccharides
c. polysaccharides
d. oligosaccharides

A

a. monosaccharides

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17
Q

A sugar present in honey in a 1:1 ratio with glucose is

Select one:

a. fructose
b. maltose
c. sucrose
d. galactose

A

a. fructose

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18
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of a lipid?

Select one:

a. Most lipids are soluble in water
b. Most lipids are waxy
c. Lipids are found only in animals
d. Most lipids are high density compounds

A

b. Most lipids are waxy

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19
Q

A lipid is hydrolyzed to form a mixture of fatty acids, glycerol and phosphate as the products. The lipid would be classified as

Select one:

a. simple
b. nonsaponifiable
c. complex
d. miscellaneous

A

c. complex

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20
Q

Which reaction is involved in preparing margarine from corn oil?

Select one:

a. hydrolysis
b. esterification
c. saponification
d. hydrogenation

A

d. hydrogenation

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21
Q

Which of the following fatty acids has the lowest melting point?

Select one:

a. C19H39COOH
b. C17H33COOH
c. C17H29COOH
d. C17H31COOH

A

c. C17H29COOH

22
Q

The hormone that helps to regulate the level of sodium ions in the blood is

Select one:

a. aldosterone
b. vasopressin
c. insulin
d. progesterone

A

a. aldosterone

23
Q

The main function of bile salts is to

Select one:

a. stimulate the absorption of minerals through the intestinal wall
b. emulsify lipids in the digestive tract
c. provide a pathway for lowering cholesterol levels
d. serve as hormonal agents in the digestive process

A

b. emulsify lipids in the digestive tract

24
Q

Fatty acids present as components in cell membrane are often

Select one:

a. saturated
b. unsaturated
c. short chained
d. branched

A

b. unsaturated

25
Q

Glycerol is an example of

Select one:

a. an alcohol
b. an ester
c. a carboxylic acid
d. an ether

A

a. an alcohol

26
Q

The most common ring found in a prostaglandin is

Select one:

a. cyclohexane
b. cyclopentane
c. phenanthrene
d. pyran

A

b. cyclopentane

27
Q

Membrane-enclosed bodies within eukaryotic cells are called

Select one:

a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes
c. organelles
d. micelles

A

c. organelles

28
Q

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?

Select one:

a. C11H23COOH
b. C13H27COOH
c. C15H31COOH
d. C17H35COOH

A

d. C17H35COOH

29
Q

One feature of the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure is called the

Select one:

a. microfilament.
b. pleated sheet.
c. hydrophilic sheet.
d. lipid bilayer.

A

d. lipid bilayer.

30
Q

One of the products of hydrolysis of a fat is

Select one:

a. an aldehyde.
b. glycerol.
c. an ester.
d. a ketone.

A

b. glycerol.

31
Q

The products of hydrolysis of a wax include a fatty acid and

Select one:

a. glycerol.
b. a long chain alcohol.
c. an ester.
d. choline.

A

b. a long chain alcohol.

32
Q

Fatty acids usually have ____________________________.

Select one:

a. an odd number of carbon atoms
b. an even number of carbon atoms
c. an odd number of oxygen atoms
d. an odd number of oxygen atoms and an odd number of carbon atoms

A

b. an even number of carbon atoms

33
Q

Lipid oils are usually obtained from

Select one:

a. plant sources.
b. animal sources.

A

a. plant sources.

34
Q

Phosphoglycerides differ from glycerides in that one of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol is esterified with

Select one:

a. phosphoric acid.
b. phosphorus.
c. choline.
d. serine.

A

a. phosphoric acid.

35
Q

A phosphoglyceride containing a choline component is called a

Select one:

a. sphingolipid.
b. cephaline.
c. glycolipid.
d. lecithin.

A

d. lecithin.

36
Q

Which of the following components is present in cephalin?

Select one:

a. choline
b. galactose
c. serine
d. sphingomyeline

A

c. serine

37
Q

An alpha amino acid contains

Select one:

a. an amino group on the carbon next to the carboxyl group.
b. two amino groups.
c. two carboxyl groups.
d. an amino group on the end carbon.

A

a. an amino group on the carbon next to the carboxyl group.

38
Q

A side chain (R group) containing CH2-OH would be classified as

Select one:

a. acidic.
b. basic.
c. neutral and nonpolar.
d. neutral and polar.

A

d. neutral and polar.

39
Q

By convention, N-terminal end of a peptide is usually placed on the ____ of a structure.

Select one:

a. right
b. left
c. bottom
d. top

A

b. left

40
Q

The isoelectric point of an amino acid is

Select one:

a. the pH at which there is no net electrical charge on the amino acid.
b. the electrical charge on the amino acid in solution.
c. the electrical charge of the protein surface.
d. the pH at which there are no ions in solution.

A

a. the pH at which there is no net electrical charge on the amino acid.

41
Q

Which polypeptide decreases urine production?

Select one:

a. gastrin
b. oxytocin
c. vasopressin
d. insulin

A

c. vasopressin

42
Q

Which polypeptide stimulates the production of adrenal hormones?

Select one:

a. ACTH
b. ADH
c. glucagon
d. prolactic

A

a. ACTH

43
Q

A large protein undergoes a hydrolysis reaction. The products of such a reaction include

Select one:

a. amino acids.
b. glycerol.
c. water.
d. large proteins do not undergo hydrolysis reactions

A

a. amino acids.

44
Q

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called the _______ structure.

Select one:

a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary

A

a. primary

45
Q

A pleated sheet structure is an example of _________ protein structure.

Select one:

a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary

A

b. secondary

46
Q

What bonding forces are responsible for the secondary structure of a protein?

Select one:

a. disulfide linkages
b. salt bonds
c. hydrophobic bonding
d. hydrogen bonding

A

d. hydrogen bonding

47
Q

What type of bonds form when two side chains containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group are in close proximity?

Select one:

a. disulfide
b. salt bridge
c. hydrogen
d. hydrophobic

A

b. salt bridge

48
Q

What type of bonds form when two nonpolar side chains are in close proximity?

Select one:

a. disulfide
b. hydrogen
c. hydrophilic
d. hydrophobic

A

d. hydrophobic

49
Q

The tertiary structure of myoglobin reveals that nonpolar portions are primarily on the ________ of the molecule.

Select one:

a. interior
b. exterior
c. iron containing portion
d. oxygen contain portion

A

a. interior

50
Q

The association of several protein chains into a larger structure as in the case of hemoglobin is an example of _________ structure.

Select one:

a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary

A

d. quaternary

51
Q

Protein denaturation results in a disruption of the

Select one:

a. primary structure
b. secondary and tertiary structure
c. primary and secondary structure
d. primary, secondary and tertiary structure

A

b. secondary and tertiary structure

52
Q

A nursing mother comes to you wanting to take something for minor arthritis pain. Which drug would you not recommend her to use?

Select one:

a. Acetaminophen
b. Ibuprofen
c. Codeine
d. Methotrexate

A

d. Methotrexate

Organic and Biochemistry (7 decks)

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