Lipids and Amino Acid Metabolism; Body Fluids Flashcards
Fatty acids and monoglycerides are liberated in the intestinal tract. There are triglycerides in the blood. What is the site of the triglyceride re-synthesis?
Select one:
a. within the circulatory system
b. within the cells of the intestinal mucosa
c. just before absorption by cells
d. in the cytoplasm of the body cells
b. within the cells of the intestinal mucosa
High density lipoproteins contain greater amounts of _______ than do low density lipoproteins.
Select one:
a. fatty acids
b. protein
c. triglycerides
d. cholesterol
b. protein
During fat mobilization, triglycerides are converted to
Select one:
a. glucose
b. pyruvate
c. glycogen
d. fatty acids and glycerol
d. fatty acids and glycerol
In the metabolism of fats, the fatty acids enter the reactions of the
Select one:
a. electrol transport chain
b. beta-oxidation process
c. glycolysis pathway
d. citric acid cycle
b. beta-oxidation process
Activation of a fatty acid prior to its entry into the fatty acid spiral requires the presence of
Select one:
a. FAD
b. malonyl CoA
c. cyclic AMP
d. ATP
d. ATP
A fatty acid loses how many carbon atoms by going through one loop of the fatty acid spiral?
Select one:
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
b. two
Ketosis results from
Select one:
a. underprotection of ketone bodies
b. consumption of too much sugar
c. overproduction of acetyl CoA
d. underproduction of acetyl CoA
c. overproduction of acetyl CoA
Two of the ketone bodies are
Select one:
a. acidic
b. neutral
c. basic
d. basic or acidic
a. acidic
High concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood
Select one:
a. cause diabetes mellitus
b. are a symptom of starvation
c. increase the pH of the blood
d. causes cardiovascular disease
b. are a symptom of starvation
The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood is termed
Select one:
a. acidosis
b. alkalosis
c. ketonuria
d. ketonemia
d. ketonemia
The biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in the ________ of the cell.
Select one:
a. matrix
b. mitochondria
c. nucleus
d. cytoplasm
d. cytoplasm
The most important function of amino acids (in terms of amount used) is for the snythesis of
Select one:
a. body proteins
b. glucose
c. pyruvate for energy production
d. purines and pyrimidines
a. body proteins
Which of the following types of proteins tend to have the lowest turnover rate?
Select one:
a. liver proteins
b. hemoglobin
c. collagens
d. muscle proteins
c. collagens
Which of these is a direct fuel for the urea cycle?
Select one:
a. NH4+
b. glutamate
c. carbamyl phosphate
d. pyruvate
c. carbamyl phosphate
Ketogenic amino acids cannot be converted into
Select one:
a. fatty acids
b. glucose
c. ketone bodies
d. acetyl CoA
b. glucose
Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into
Select one:
a. acetyl CoA
b. glucose
c. fatty acids
d. ketone bodies
b. glucose
Amino acids which can be synthesized within the body are termed ____________ amino acids.
Select one:
a. glycogenic
b. ketogenic
c. essential
d. nonessential
d. nonessential
In PKU disease, anenzyme is lacking which converts
Select one:
a. alanine to serine
b. tryptophan to tyrosine
c. phenylalanine to tyrosine
d. alanine to phenylalanine
c. phenylalanine to tyrosine
The fluid surrounding tissue cells is called
Select one:
a. interstitial fluid
b. intracellular fluid
c. plasma
d. lymph
a. interstitial fluid
What is the fluid type that holds the majority of the human body fluids?
Select one:
a. intracellular fluid
b. interstitial fluid
c. extracellular fluid
d. plasma
a. intracellular fluid
Which function of the blood is the most critical to life on a second to second basis?
Select one:
a. transport of nutrients
b. transport of oxygen
c. transport of neurotransmitters
d. transport of plasma about the body
c. transport of neurotransmitters
Which is the principal cation of the interstitial fluids?
Select one:
a. K+
b. Na+
c. Mg2+
d. Ca2+
b. Na+
The principal anion in intracellular fluid is
Select one:
a. Cl-
b. HCO3-
c. HPO42-
d. SO42-
c. HPO42-
Carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream chiefly in the form of
Select one:
a. CO2
b. HCO3-
c. H2CO3
d. CO32-
b. HCO3-
Blood pressure across capillary walls is
Select one:
a. highest at the venous end of the capillary
b. highest at the arterial end of the capillary
c. the same at the venous and arterial ends of the capillary
d. zero all along the capillary
b. highest at the arterial end of the capillary
Which of the following substances is least likely to be reabsorbed in the kidney tubules?
Select one:
a. water
b. glucose
c. urea
d. amino acids
c. urea
Which of the following is considered to be a normal constituent of urine?
Select one:
a. protein
b. ketone bodies
c. amino acids
d. hemoglobin
c. amino acids
The presence of protein in urine may be due to
Select one:
a. kidney damage
b. starvation
c. diabetes mellitus
d. blockage of bile duct
a. kidney damage
The presence of ketone bodies in urine may be due to
Select one:
a. bladder infection
b. diabetes mellitus
c. hepatitis
d. kidney infection
b. diabetes mellitus
The hormone that helps to regulate the level of sodium ions in the blood is
Select one:
a. aldosterone
b. vasopressin
c. insulin
d. progesterone
a. aldosterone
Which of the following fluids are nearly identical except for protein content?
Select one:
a. plasma and intracellular fluid
b. plasma and interstitial fluid
c. intracellular and interstitial fluid
d. extracellular and intracellular
b. plasma and interstitial fluid
How should urinary output be affected by the inhibition of vasopressin synthesis by alcohol?
Select one:
a. increased output
b. slightly decreased output
c. greatly decreased output
d. no effect on output
a. increased output
Which buffer system is closely linked to the respiratory system?
Select one:
a. bicarbonate
b. phosphate
c. protein
d. pyruvate
a. bicarbonate
An increase in blood pH above normal stimulates
Select one:
a. an increased rate of breathing
b. hypoventilation
c. hyperventilation
b. hypoventilation
Excessive vomiting can lead to a condition of
Select one:
a. metabolic acidosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. respiratory alkalosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
Which of the following is an important factor in maintaining electrolyte balance
Select one:
a. protein balance
b. fatty acid balance
c. carbohydrate balance
d. water balance
d. water balance
Oxygen is transported in the blood stream chiefly in the form of
Select one:
a. molecules of H2O
b. molecules of O2
c. molecules of HCO-3
d. molecules of oxyhemoglobin
d. molecules of oxyhemoglobin
Nonoxygenated hemoglobin is called
Select one:
a. deoxyhemoglobin
b. carboxylhemoglobin
c. carbaminohemoglobin
d. nitrosohemoglobin
a. deoxyhemoglobin
