Lipids and Amino Acid Metabolism; Body Fluids

Question 1

Fatty acids and monoglycerides are liberated in the intestinal tract. There are triglycerides in the blood. What is the site of the triglyceride re-synthesis?

Select one:

a. within the circulatory system
b. within the cells of the intestinal mucosa
c. just before absorption by cells
d. in the cytoplasm of the body cells

Answer 1

b. within the cells of the intestinal mucosa

Question 2

High density lipoproteins contain greater amounts of _______ than do low density lipoproteins.

Select one:

a. fatty acids
b. protein
c. triglycerides
d. cholesterol

Answer 2

b. protein

Question 3

During fat mobilization, triglycerides are converted to

Select one:

a. glucose
b. pyruvate
c. glycogen
d. fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 3

d. fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

In the metabolism of fats, the fatty acids enter the reactions of the

Select one:

a. electrol transport chain
b. beta-oxidation process
c. glycolysis pathway
d. citric acid cycle

Answer 4

b. beta-oxidation process

Question 5

Activation of a fatty acid prior to its entry into the fatty acid spiral requires the presence of

Select one:

a. FAD
b. malonyl CoA
c. cyclic AMP
d. ATP

Answer 5

d. ATP

Question 6

A fatty acid loses how many carbon atoms by going through one loop of the fatty acid spiral?

Select one:

a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four

Answer 6

b. two

Question 7

Ketosis results from

Select one:

a. underprotection of ketone bodies
b. consumption of too much sugar
c. overproduction of acetyl CoA
d. underproduction of acetyl CoA

Answer 7

c. overproduction of acetyl CoA

Question 8

Two of the ketone bodies are

Select one:

a. acidic
b. neutral
c. basic
d. basic or acidic

Answer 8

a. acidic

Question 9

High concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood

Select one:

a. cause diabetes mellitus
b. are a symptom of starvation
c. increase the pH of the blood
d. causes cardiovascular disease

Answer 9

b. are a symptom of starvation

Question 10

The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood is termed

Select one:

a. acidosis
b. alkalosis
c. ketonuria
d. ketonemia

Answer 10

d. ketonemia

Question 11

The biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in the ________ of the cell.

Select one:

a. matrix
b. mitochondria
c. nucleus
d. cytoplasm

Answer 11

d. cytoplasm

Question 12

The most important function of amino acids (in terms of amount used) is for the snythesis of

Select one:

a. body proteins
b. glucose
c. pyruvate for energy production
d. purines and pyrimidines

Answer 12

a. body proteins

Question 13

Which of the following types of proteins tend to have the lowest turnover rate?

Select one:

a. liver proteins
b. hemoglobin
c. collagens
d. muscle proteins

Answer 13

c. collagens

Question 14

Which of these is a direct fuel for the urea cycle?

Select one:

a. NH4+
b. glutamate
c. carbamyl phosphate
d. pyruvate

Answer 14

c. carbamyl phosphate

Question 15

Ketogenic amino acids cannot be converted into

Select one:

a. fatty acids
b. glucose
c. ketone bodies
d. acetyl CoA

Answer 15

b. glucose

Question 16

Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into

Select one:

a. acetyl CoA
b. glucose
c. fatty acids
d. ketone bodies

Answer 16

b. glucose

Question 17

Amino acids which can be synthesized within the body are termed ____________ amino acids.

Select one:

a. glycogenic
b. ketogenic
c. essential
d. nonessential

Answer 17

d. nonessential

Question 18

In PKU disease, anenzyme is lacking which converts

Select one:

a. alanine to serine
b. tryptophan to tyrosine
c. phenylalanine to tyrosine
d. alanine to phenylalanine

Answer 18

c. phenylalanine to tyrosine

Question 19

The fluid surrounding tissue cells is called

Select one:

a. interstitial fluid
b. intracellular fluid
c. plasma
d. lymph

Answer 19

a. interstitial fluid

Question 20

What is the fluid type that holds the majority of the human body fluids?

Select one:

a. intracellular fluid
b. interstitial fluid
c. extracellular fluid
d. plasma

Answer 20

a. intracellular fluid

Question 21

Which function of the blood is the most critical to life on a second to second basis?

Select one:

a. transport of nutrients
b. transport of oxygen
c. transport of neurotransmitters
d. transport of plasma about the body

Answer 21

c. transport of neurotransmitters

Question 22

Which is the principal cation of the interstitial fluids?

Select one:

a. K+
b. Na+
c. Mg2+
d. Ca2+

Answer 22

b. Na+

Question 23

The principal anion in intracellular fluid is

Select one:

a. Cl-
b. HCO3-
c. HPO42-
d. SO42-

Answer 23

c. HPO42-

Question 24

Carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream chiefly in the form of

Select one:

a. CO2
b. HCO3-
c. H2CO3
d. CO32-

Answer 24

b. HCO3-

Question 25

Blood pressure across capillary walls is

Select one:

a. highest at the venous end of the capillary
b. highest at the arterial end of the capillary
c. the same at the venous and arterial ends of the capillary
d. zero all along the capillary

Answer 25

b. highest at the arterial end of the capillary

Question 26

Which of the following substances is least likely to be reabsorbed in the kidney tubules?

Select one:

a. water
b. glucose
c. urea
d. amino acids

Answer 26

c. urea

Question 27

Which of the following is considered to be a normal constituent of urine?

Select one:

a. protein
b. ketone bodies
c. amino acids
d. hemoglobin

Answer 27

c. amino acids

Question 28

The presence of protein in urine may be due to

Select one:

a. kidney damage
b. starvation
c. diabetes mellitus
d. blockage of bile duct

Answer 28

a. kidney damage

Question 29

The presence of ketone bodies in urine may be due to

Select one:

a. bladder infection
b. diabetes mellitus
c. hepatitis
d. kidney infection

Answer 29

b. diabetes mellitus

Question 30

The hormone that helps to regulate the level of sodium ions in the blood is

Select one:

a. aldosterone
b. vasopressin
c. insulin
d. progesterone

Answer 30

a. aldosterone

Question 31

Which of the following fluids are nearly identical except for protein content?

Select one:

a. plasma and intracellular fluid
b. plasma and interstitial fluid
c. intracellular and interstitial fluid
d. extracellular and intracellular

Answer 31

b. plasma and interstitial fluid

Question 32

How should urinary output be affected by the inhibition of vasopressin synthesis by alcohol?

Select one:

a. increased output
b. slightly decreased output
c. greatly decreased output
d. no effect on output

Answer 32

a. increased output

Question 33

Which buffer system is closely linked to the respiratory system?

Select one:

a. bicarbonate
b. phosphate
c. protein
d. pyruvate

Answer 33

a. bicarbonate

Question 34

An increase in blood pH above normal stimulates

Select one:

a. an increased rate of breathing
b. hypoventilation
c. hyperventilation

Answer 34

b. hypoventilation

Question 35

Excessive vomiting can lead to a condition of

Select one:

a. metabolic acidosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. respiratory alkalosis

Answer 35

b. metabolic alkalosis

Question 36

Which of the following is an important factor in maintaining electrolyte balance

Select one:

a. protein balance
b. fatty acid balance
c. carbohydrate balance
d. water balance

Answer 36

d. water balance

Question 37

Oxygen is transported in the blood stream chiefly in the form of

Select one:

a. molecules of H2O
b. molecules of O2
c. molecules of HCO-3
d. molecules of oxyhemoglobin

Answer 37

d. molecules of oxyhemoglobin

Question 38

Nonoxygenated hemoglobin is called

Select one:

a. deoxyhemoglobin
b. carboxylhemoglobin
c. carbaminohemoglobin
d. nitrosohemoglobin

Answer 38

a. deoxyhemoglobin