Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Nutrition > Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Lecture > Flashcards

Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic non-communicable diseases

A

slow developing, long-lasting diseases that are not contagious. They can be treated but not always cured.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BMI ratings

A

<18.5 at risk
18.5-24.9 healthy
25-29.9 overweight
>30 obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Obese ind have an increased risk for 11 chronic diseases

A 
cardiovascular diabetes
type 2 diabetes 
hypertension (>130) 
stroke 
osteoarthritis 
heart attack 
cancer - liver, breast, colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder 
pulmonary disease 
erectile dysfunction and gynecological abnormalities 
sleep apnea 
ability to get pregnant decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does metabolic disease precipitate liver cancer

A

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease identical to alcoholic. Scar tissue begins to form when the liver is in an inflammatory state - otherwise benign - risk factor for development of liver failure and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adipose -Based Chronic Disease

A

New theory proposed - less stigmatization and classifying ind as obese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

metabolic syndrome 2

A

associated with risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
pre cursore to diabetes and development of cardiovascular disease - prediabetic, lifestyle habits can be changed to prevent attaining these chronic diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How physicians diagnose metabolic syndrome

A

3/5 of the following
increased waist circumference
- male cut off = 40 inches (102cm)
- female cut off = 35 inches (88cm)
High BP = >130/85mmHg - systolic more important
impaired fasting glucose >5.6mmol after 8 hours of fasting (in the morning) - hyperglycemic
lipid parameters
- HDL - whether the individual is below the threshold for healthy cholesterol - <1.0mmol HDL males; <1.3 mmol HDL females
increase in triacylglycerol in the blood (>1.7mmol/L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

US age 40-69 in 1890 vs 2000

A

1890 - 3/4% obesity across

2000 - 25-40% of obesity moves up from 40-69

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

obesity trends among Canadians in 1985, 1998, and 2011

A

increased substantially
1985 <10%
1998 >15% in Canada except bc and Quebec
2011 25-29% most provinces more in territories 2/3 population, BMI>25, 1/4 population obese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Leading cause of death 2+@

A

CVD and cancer, diabetes, cerebrovascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does high BMI correlate with? (2)

A

Higher relative risk of CVD, diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What province has the lowest BMI?

A

BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does obesity happen in developing cuntries?

A

Yes - malnourished and overnourished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abdominal obesity in Canadian adults and children

A

doubled and 3 - fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is responsible for the increase in obesity in children?

A

intergenerational obesity
intergenerational risk - women that is pregnant and gains more weight than what is recommended during pregnancy, child will have an increased risk of being obeses later in life due to epigenetic factors on the developing child - blamed used to be female only but males also count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

type 2 diabetes and death

A

80% of people dont but they make you predisposed to CV diseases like heart attacks and stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Association between BMI and type 2

A

strong - pos relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How has diet changed? (6)

A 
Increased processed foods 
total dietary fats has decreased from 40-30% 
increased meat consumption 
increased refined carbs  
decrease in dietary fibre 
increased kcals/day -240
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

risk factors

A

a condition or behaviour associated with an increased frequency of a disease but not proved to be causal - persist over time, cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many lbs of sugar does the avg Canadian consume/year

A

151lbs - high fructose corn syrup has increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sugar industry and coronary heart disease research

A

From harvard was anti-fat pushing the idea tht ind should be consuming more sugar and carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fructose is cleared by

A

liver via portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

storage of glucose

A

glycogen but rate limiting by ATP citrate - prevents glucose from entering the mitochondria - instead of glycogen turns into fructose then acetyl co-A then fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lipogenesis

A

FA in mitochondria increased by fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ectopic fat

A

fat stored in liver where its not supposed to be incraseing risks for chronic disease and specifically type 2 diabetes

26
Q

where does fructose come from?

A

all sugar sources, honey, table sugar

27
Q

sat fat vs CVD risk

A

3 studies that says it doesnt

three that says it doesnt, 1 does

28
Q

Sat fat increases CVD risk, so we should?

A

Move toward vegetable oils, but they were unstable so they used hydrogrenation to increase shelf life

29
Q

Trans fat

A

Worse because it decreases HDL and increases LDL

30
Q

Lower sat fat replaced with increased unsat fat intake will

A

Increase LDL and reduces the CVD risk

31
Q

Why are sat fats and trans fats bad for you

A

Very stable - atherscelerosis

32
Q

Food guide and sat fat

A

Bad, unsat fat will decreases CVD and LDL

33
Q

Doctors and sat fat

A

Shouldn’t ban it, should be a cap but could lead o iron deficiency esp in females

34
Q

Heart and Stroke and sat fat

A

pro- even when it increases LDL, but would like to see a wholesome diet

35
Q

consumption of 100g red meat/day

A

no increased risk of CVD

36
Q

Processed meat and carcinogenic risk

A

Group 1 - carcinogenic and great risk of CVD/chronic disease - hotdogs, ham, bacon, cold cuts, sausage

37
Q

unprocessed meat and carcinogenic risk

A

Group 2A - probable carcinogen risk, not sure of mechanism - fresh red meat, beef and lamb,, ground meats, pork (similar nutrionally to beef)

38
Q

No red meat = risk of

A

iron deficiency anemia

39
Q

Controversy regarding consumption of unsat fat from England

A

increase in omega 6 my be linked to increased oxidation in the body

40
Q

whats more important in a diet

A

quality instead of one nutrient/sat fat intake alone

41
Q

What kind of cancer is eating processed meat associated to?

A

Colorectal cancer

42
Q

Doses red meat increase CVD risk?

A

Not necessarily, but increased risk with other cancers that are not conclusive.

43
Q

5 Canadian perceptions about a healthy diet contains the following

A 
Fruits and veggies 
Good source of protein - usually meat 
Low in 
- salt, refined carbs (sugar, white flour) 
Qualities 
- fresh, unprocessed, homemade 
Balance, variety’s moderation
44
Q

McFarthest spot

A

Farthest spot b/w McDonald’s in US - two tiny hamlets in South Dakota of 107 miles

45
Q

How do food manufacturers exploit the system?

A

Say healthy but.. they are chocolate bars

46
Q

Nova food classification system

A

Gp1: unprocessed/minimally processed - one or two steps - fresh dried/frozen veggies, grains, legumes, fruits, meats, fish, eggs, milk

2: processed culinary ingredients - sugars, fats, oils, salt
3: processed foods - 2/3 ingredients - breads, cheese, canned plant, animal foods
4: ultra-processed foods and drink - 5/6 ingredients esp additives - fast food, sugary drinks, snacks, chips, candies, cookies, sweetened cereals, sauces and dressings

47
Q

2004 Canadian Community Health Survey data using NOVA classification system -%s

A

47.7% kcal from gp4, 39.2 gp1, 6.1 gp2, 7 gp 3

48
Q

Ultra processed food associated with?

A

Reduced protein, fibre, potassium, calcium
Increased free sugar, total fat, sodium and energy density
- over the past 80 years Canadians replaced group 1 with gp 4

49
Q

A ultra processed diet is linked to

A

Increased risk in obesity

50
Q

New food guide - golden rule and 4 recommendations

A

Always natural/minimally processed foods, freshly made dishes not ultra processed foods

  1. Make natural/minimally processed foods the basis of your diet
  2. Oils, fat,s salt, sugar in small amounts
  3. Limit processed foods - as ingredients or parts of meal
  4. Avoid ultra processed foods
51
Q

Who has the best food guide world wide?

A

Brazil

52
Q

When will the new food guide labels on food items come out?

A

2021 - grouping of sugars - warning of high in sugar, fat and sodium

53
Q

Are all processed foods bad?

A

No because you can avoid food borne illnesses - cleaner food and safer supplies

54
Q

Paleolithic diets with the kitava study

A

Low chronic disease risk and prevalence

55
Q

Paleolithic diet with South American tsimane study

A

Lower atherosclerosis markers

Decreased CVD risk

56
Q

How much chronic disease can be eliminated from what we know?

A

80%

57
Q

What’s good high fat?

A

Nuts/avocado

58
Q

What’s good low fat

A

Fruits and veggies

59
Q

How many calories right now come from processed foods?

A

48%

60
Q

What’s one of the top risk factors for obesity and chronic disease?

A

Unhealthy diet high in sugar, refined carbs, sodium, and sat fat?

Advanced Nutrition (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions