Detox Flashcards
detox
short term intervention designed to eliminate toxins from the body, promote health and assist with weight loss and reset your physiology
detox diets
total starvation to juicing to food modification, often use laxatives, diuretics, vitamins, herbs, minerals and/or cleansing foods
how many naturopathics use detox
92% and 75% fwith diet detox
most common reason for detox - 8
environmental exposure to toxins, general cleansing/preventative med, GI disorders, autoimmune disease, inflammation, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, weight loss
do we have toxins
nah
commercialized toxins - 5
pollutants synthetic chemicals heavy metals processed foods potentially harmful products from modern life
why is it hard to investigate commercial claims?
they dont identify the specific toxin or how they will eliminate it
quantitative measures of detox studies
none
detox diets can be good for
health promotion and weight loss
what can be toxic in the body
high doses of synthetic chemicals
POP - 5
persistent organic pollutants - industrial chemicals that accumulate in human adipose tissue - flame retardants, pesticides, paints, coolants, lubricants - polybrominated biphenyls
banned by EU, USA and Australia since 70s
linked with endocrine disruption, CV diseases, neurological and developmental defects, metabolic diseases and cancer
animal models and wild life
reduced age of menarche
Phthalate - 5
cosmetics, food packaging, plastic toys, capsule of supplements
reproductive and developmental problems in in animals
androgenic effect in humans
not covalently bonded - released upon heating
KD- decrease exposure to pregnant and kids
Bisphenol A (BPA) - 4
plastic food and drink packaging
reproductive changes, CV disease and diabetes
current exposure not considered a significant health risk
estrogen mimicking
moulds
volatile metabolites - adverse health effects
iodine
found naturally in body can lead to thyroid disorder when consumed in excess
metals - 5
toxic to humans
mercury, lead (brain), cadmium(renal), arsenic (few types of cancer, high conc in rice, cook it like pasta), aluminum (reduced bone mineral density, regulation of enzymes)
arsenic levels are problematic where?
bangladesh - conc in groundwater is high
way of detox - 4
depends on chemical - include conversion to a less toxic form
methylation of arsenic to reduce toxicity
metabolism or conjugation to produce water soluble for renal excretion
conjugation with glutathione for GI elimination as bile
intracellular metallothionein binding of heavy metals
mercury half life in blood
57 days - too much will affect the NS
lead half life in bones
20-30 yrs
Consideration for detox diets - 2
energy restriction - weight loss - redistribute POPs from fat stores into circulation
obese ind after bariatic surgery, 15 week weight loss program
half lives of BPA and phthalate
short half lives >12h but consistently present in human bodies - water bottles, food containers, linings of food and beverage cans
in how many people will BPA be detected?
urine of >90% of US - difficult to avoid plastic contamination
success rate of diets and why
20% - evolved mechanism to defend against weight loss because starvation can lead to reduced fertility and even death
dieting
stressful because it involves resisting temptation and enduring physically aversive feelings of hunger and deprivation
actual fix
healthy habits
intestinal autointoxication - 3
self poisoning from ones own retained wastes - food entering the intestine stagnates and rots, relating byproducts that enter circulation
early 20th century very popular - Metchnikoff - chronic poisoning by intestinal microbes weakens our cellular elements
publication in 1919 discredited theory
2 more natural toxins
solanine (green under potato, phytochemical) and food allergens
detoxifying organs in the body - 5
kidney (urine), liver (hepatocytes and arsenic), GI, skin, lungs
can detox diets assist with elimination of toxins
no evidence
possible detoxing dietary components
malic acid (grapes and wine) citric acid (citrus fruits) succinic acid (apples and bludberries) coriander selenium chlorella (increase metallothionein0 nori olestra (fat substitute)
2 possible health risks of detox diets
low energy diet - increased stress, fatigue, altered appetite, and nutritional deficiencies
increased risk of toxicity with supplements - herbal and dietary supplement induced liver injury - 20% of cases and potential redistribution of POPs
colon cleansing - scientific?
removal of material from LI
nope not in the prevention or treatment of disease
technique of colon cleansing
oral intake of specific herbs, soluble fibre, water, and food
colon irrigation - infusion of fluids through the rectum via a tube
2 risks of colon cleansing
coffee/anticancer enemas have been linked with cases of severe septicemia
risk of perforation
alkaline diets - 3
nutritional acid load hypothesis of osteoporosis - certain foods, including meat and dairy products increase dietary acid load leading to activation of osteoclasts, calcium resorption, and bone demineralization
some naturopaths use it as a cure for chronic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, CV disease and cancer
no evidence
evidence to support nutritional acid load - 3
healthy ind and western diet has no impact on blood pH, kidneys and pulmonary system regulate acid base balance with the blood pH of 7.4
net acid excretion does not have a major impact on calcium balance, bone metabolism, or osteoporotic fracture risk
milk is not an acid producing food
pH of blood vs urine
diff
why juice
concentrate phytochemicals and your body doesnt have to break things down - bu actually it defeats the purpose of consuming fibre then ..
3 reasons why detox diets sell
popular fear - invent disease with generic symptoms
reach ppl emotionally - promise of purification and redemption, appeal to vanity, celebrity culture
pseudoscience - unfounded claims under the disguise of science
should we eat organic? - 4
no diff in nutritional value
organic food has slightly lower pesticides - 46% of it has pesticides
not superior for health
personal preference on taste diff?
overall recommended diet
balance, varied diet thats plant based and whole
the whole problem with the world
fools and fanatics are always so certain and wiser are so full of doubts
antibiotics in milk
they have all been checked
