Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MB2: Child health > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

benefits to infant with breastfeeding

A

less risk resp/ear/gi infection
higher IQ
reduced malocclusion and reduced risk infant mortality
less risk T2DM, CVD, HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

benefits to mother with breastfeeding

A

less risk of ovarian cancer and breast cancer

less risk T2DM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

true/false - mothers with HIV should avoid breastfeeding to avoid risk of transmission

A

true - but only if there is other nutritionally available breastmilk available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

infection spread of HIV to child?

A

labour
breastfeeding
pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

reducing risk of HIV spread to neonate

A

antiretroviral treatment for mother and infant

avoid breastfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

if a mother with HIV decided to breastfeed, how should she be managed

A

breastfeed exclusively

stay on antiretrovirals to keep viral count low or undetectable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how often does breastfeeding occur in the first 48 hours

A

infrequently, but occurs sometimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how often does breastfeeding occur >72 hours

A

6-15 feeds per 24 hours

depends on baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

true/false - breastmilk compositions stays the same

A

false - it changes start to end of feed and to meet nutritional requirement of infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the production of breastmilk in the mother

A

stimulated by prolactin, released in response to suckling
oxytocin is higher in mother/baby contact
milk ejection when feeding action and oxytocin increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when is breastmilk production highest

A

when there is the least breastmilk, as this causes the least -ve feedback of prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

poor infant feeding effecrs on the mother

A

pain
mastitis
engorgement
low milk supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

poor infant feeding effects on the infant

A

unsettled
frequent feeding
failure to thrive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is tongue tie and what can it lead to

A

tightness of lingual frenulum
difficulty attaching to breast and achieving suckling
may need division of lingual frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when is milk expression indicated

A 
breasts full and uncomfortable 
infant too small or sick to feed 
hospitalisation of mother 
mother away from child for a few hours 
mother returning to work where there is little opportunity to feed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

encouraging flow of breastmilk for expression

A

comfortable, relaxed, quiet and private place
close contact with infant
warm bath or shower
gentle massaging of the breast or stroking towards the nipple
change breasts every few mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

storage of expressed breastmilk

A

5 days in fridge
frozen for 2 weeks
frozen for 6m if -18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mother related problems with feeding

A

painful nipples
engorgement
mastitis
concern about not having enough milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how long should infants be exclusively breastfed

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

when would a concern about nother not having enough milk be possible

A

poor weight
<6 wet nappies/24hr
<3 dirty nappies/24hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the disadvantages to formula milk over breastmilk

A

less infant protection and immunity

powdered milk isnt sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does the growth pattern of a formula fed baby differ to that of a breastfed baby

A

they put on more weight in 4-6 months

increased risk diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when should leftover formula milk be discarded

A

2 hours after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

true/false - baby should be encouraged to finish bottle

A

false - it can lead to overfeeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
true/false - breastfed babies can be offered water on hot days
true - it must be boiled and cooled
26
when can soys milk be used in babies
>6m
27
true/false - follow on milk can be used at 7m
false - it is recommended for >1y
28
risk factors for becoming unwell due to powder milk
young infant preterm immunocompromised low birthweight
29
storage for formula milk?
one at a time if possible store in fridge no longer than 24hr stand in hot water to heat
30
risks of formula feeding o mother and infant
``` increased risk illness bacterial contamination excess weight gain childhood obesity maternal - diabetes, breast, ovarian cancer ```
31
what feeding factors are required before discharging a preterm infant
feeding well | stable blood glucose
32
management of mastitis?
self help for 12-24hr with expressing milk | fluclox if unsuccessful or erythromycin if allergic
33
a lump in breast whilst in feeding window is likely? | what would you do?
abscess urgent refer to clinic USS, drain and culture
34
define the estimated average requirement
nutritional need where 1/2 populaiton need more and 1/2 need less
35
define the reference nutrient intake (RNI)
nutritional need that is enough for 97.5% of population
36
define the lower reference nutrient intake
nutritional need for lowest 2.5% of population
37
what is wasting growth
low weight for height
38
what is stunted growth
low height for age
39
how much protein does 4-18m old need
12.7-14.5g
40
describe the trend of infant nutrition and estimated average intake
around half of early infants consuming over estimated average intake increases to 90% by 18m
41
sodium intake requirement for <12m
400mg | 1g salt
42
sodium intake requirements for 12-36m
800mg | 2g salt
43
true/false - most infants/children do not consume enough sodium in dietary salt
false - almost all age groups studied consume too much
44
breastfeeding is exclusively recommended for ___ months
6
45
what fluids can infants consume after 6m
water formula breastmilk
46
when can full fat unmodified cows milk be given to an infant
12m or older
47
when can semi skimmed milk be given to a child/infant
over 2
48
when can skimmed milk be given to a child
over 5
49
when should complementary feeding begin roughly?
6m
50
complementary feeding allows for development of what
gross motor, fine motor and vision oral motor development infant-carer
51
causes for early introduction of complementary feeding
``` maternal grandmother deprivation personal disagreement to wait or lack of support free samples smoking obesity formula feeding ```
52
how does feeding at school age help development
eating patterns independence behaviour pattern
53
how does feeding at adolescent age help development
further independence | physical development and growth
54
what decreases risk of dental caries
fluoride toothpaste hard cheese chewing gum - sugar free
55
what increases risk of dental caries
free sugars | deprivation
56
what is regarded as faltering growth
>1 centile drop if <9th centile >2 centile drops if 9-91st centile >3 centile drops if >91st centile <2nd centile at any time or weight
57
consequences of overfeeding on the child
``` bullying mental health issues stigma school absence high cholesterol, HTN, bone and joint problems, diabetes cancer ```
58
risk factors and causes leading to increased chance overfeeding
``` deprivation obese mother frequent snacking skipping breakfast not eating main meal in dining room low parental supervision not child friendly maternal chronic health issue ```
59
public health interventions for child nutrition?
``` best start childsmile child healthy weight physical activity programmes community food and health programmes ```
60
what centile is overweight
>91st
61
what centile is obese
>98th
62
risk factors for being oberweight at 3
``` overweight parents black high birthweight smoking antenatal single mother pre-preg overweight low SE status solid foods before 4m ```
63
what factor is protective against being overweight at 3
breastfeeding for >4m
64
features of prader-willi
``` floppy poor suck reflex food seeking lack satiety low muscle tone learning difficulty hypogonadism short stature ```
65
features of bardet-biedl
``` visual impairment renal issues learning difficulty lack satiety hypogonadism obese hyperphagia ```
66
lifestyle behaviours contributing to obesity as child
``` diet activity screen time sleep behaviour stragety ```
67
when woyld you refer an overweight/obese child to paeds
serious obesity related morbidity needing weight loss | <24m and severely obese
68
treatment goal for overweigt/obese children
maintain the weight as height will balance BMI
69
physical activity requirement for <5 but walking
>180 mins
70
physical activity requirement for 5-18 year olds
60 mins | muscle and bone strengthening as well
71
true/false - screen time in excess of 5 hours increases likelihood of being overweight or obese
false - occurs in >2hrs
72
when would orlistat be considered for use in children and how long for
BMI >99.6 centile not usually <12 6-12m
73
when would surgical bariatric intervention be considered for use in children
pubertal adolescents with severe/extreme obesity with severe comorbidity
74
what centile is severely obese
99.6th centile
75
what centile implies being underweight for any reason
<2nd centile
76
what centile is underweight and needs prompt referral
<0.4th centile

MB2: Child health (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions