Normal and abnormal growth

Question 1

why do mothers with diabetes have larger babies

Answer 1

insulin acts as a growth factor

Question 2

what is the Z score

Answer 2

number of standard deviations away from the mean that a person has from the mean

Question 3

is a normal distribution of 100 people, how many fall within z score 1SD of the mean?

Answer 3

66%

Question 4

is a normal distribution of 100 people, how many fall within z score 2SD of the mean?

Answer 4

95%

Question 5

measurement of head circumference?

Answer 5

take it 3 times and take an average from the widest part of the head

Question 6

why are overweight children more likely to enter puberty sooner

Answer 6

higher leptin, which stimualtes GnRH production

Question 7

what volume testicle has entered puberty

Answer 7

4ml

Question 8

at what age would puberty be regarded as delayed?

Answer 8

13 in girls

14 in boys

Question 9

when does height velocity peak in girls and boys

Answer 9

12 in girls

14 in boys

Question 10

calculating parental height and normal values?

Answer 10

mid parental height is a chart to cross over parental height to calculate centile
anything within 2SD is normal

Question 11

investigation of growth problem?

Answer 11

Hx and exam 
parental heights 
bloods - IGF1, testosterone, thyroid, oestradiol, gonadotrophins
bone age 
MRI brain 
USS uterus

Question 12

dysmorphic disorders leading to short stature

Answer 12

down syndrome
turner syndrome
achondroplasia
prader-wili

Question 13

cause of short stature

Answer 13

genetic 
bone age 
dysmorphic disroders 
endocrine disorders
deprivation 
chronic disease