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MB2: Child health > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

true/false - severe malnutrition below 1m results in permanent brain damage

A

false - severe malnutrition at any age <6m results in permanent brain damage

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2
Q

environmental factors affecting development?

A 
smoking, alcohol, drugs 
opportunity to practice 
emotional deprivation 
excess screen time 
head injury
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3
Q

normal variations to 4 point crawl?

A

bottom shuffle
commando crawl
roll
reverse torpedo crawl

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4
Q

true/false - preterm neonates have their developmental milestones compensated

A

true, up to the age of 2

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5
Q

4 categories of development?

A

gross motor
fine motor and vision
language and hearing
social behaviour and play

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6
Q

gross motor development at 3m

A

can control head movement, no head lag on pulling to sit

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7
Q

gross motor development at 6m

A

sits up unsupported with straight back

pushes arms up in prone

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8
Q

gross motor development at 9m

A

crawling

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9
Q

gross motor development at 12m

A

stands independently, begins to walk

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10
Q

gross motor development at 18m

A

running

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11
Q

gross motor development at 24m

A

stairs with 2 feet

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12
Q

gross motor development at 36m

A

stairs with alternate feet

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13
Q

gross motor development at 48m

A

hopping

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14
Q

what is ATNR

A

asymmetric tonic neck reflex
evolutionary to prevent rolling on unstalbe surface
usually lost 3/4m
often continues in CP

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15
Q

fine motor and vision development at 3m

A

regards hand in midline

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16
Q

fine motor and vision development at 6m

A

palmar grasp

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17
Q

fine motor and vision development at 9m

A

scissor grip

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18
Q

fine motor and vision development at 12m

A

pincer grip

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19
Q

fine motor and vision development at 18m

A

stacks 3-4 blocks

scribble randomly

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20
Q

fine motor and vision development at 24m

A

stacks 6-7 blocks

scribbles more coherently

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21
Q

fine motor and vision development at 36m

A

tower of 9 blocks

copies circle

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22
Q

fine motor and vision development at 48m

A

draws cross or simple man

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23
Q

hearing and language development at 3m

A

vocalises

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24
Q

hearing and language development at 6m

A

babbles

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25
Q

hearing and language development at 9m

A

imitates sounds

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26
Q

hearing and language development at 12m

A

knows name

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27
Q

hearing and language development at 18m

A

2 body parts/5-20 words

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28
Q

hearing and language development at 24m

A

can follow simple instruction, 50+ words

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29
Q

hearing and language development at 36m

A

complex instruction/can ask question

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30
Q

hearing and language development at 48m

A

can tell stories of experience

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31
Q

social behaviour and play development at 6 weeks

A

social smile

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32
Q

social behaviour and play development at 3m

A

pleasure on friendly handling

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33
Q

social behaviour and play development at 6m

A

plays with feet

friendly with strangers

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34
Q

social behaviour and play development at 9m

A

peek a boo

stranger awareness

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35
Q

social behaviour and play development at 12m

A

drinks from cup/waves bye bye

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36
Q

social behaviour and play development at 18m

A

feeds with spoon

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37
Q

social behaviour and play development at 24m

A

symbolic play, puts on spme clothes

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38
Q

social behaviour and play development at 36m

A

pretend interactive play

toilet trained

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39
Q

social behaviour and play development at 48m

A

understands turn taking

gets dressed fully

40
Q

define global developmental delay

A

> 2 domains affected

41
Q

define specific developmental deay

A

1 domain affected

42
Q

define developmental deviation

A

different from normal q

43
Q

define developmental regression

A

loss of skill

44
Q

what is a learning disability and how does it differ from learning difficulty

A

cannot cope independently
cannot earn new skills or complex tasks
IQ<70
learning difficulties are ore common and less severe

45
Q

red flags for development

A 
asymmetry of movement 
increased/reduced tone 
not reaching for objects by 6m 
cannot sit unsupported by 12m
cannot walk by 18m
concern about hearing or vision 
loss of skill at any age
46
Q

what is defined as a significant global developmental delay

A

> 2SD from mean in >2 of the development categories

47
Q

prenatal causes of global developmental delay

A 
down syndrome 
PKU, hypothyroidism 
micro/macroencephaly 
TORCH infection 
toxins
48
Q

perinatal causes of global developmental delay

A

premature

asphyxia

49
Q

postnatal causes of global developmental delay

A

meningitis
trauma
malnutrition/neglect

50
Q

medical issues relating to down syndrome

A 
cardiac 
thyroid 
hearing and vision 
sleep 
growth 
development
51
Q

causes of motor specific developmental delay

A

CP
coordination disorders
duchenne muscular dystrophy

52
Q

features of DMD

A

impaired mobility and motion
impaired speech and language
calf pseudohypertrophy
arching of back

53
Q

what is gowers manoeuvre results in DMD

A

prox muscle weakness of pelvic girdle muscles

54
Q

what is diplegic CP

A

usually lower limb, both legs affected

walks on tiptoe, contractures

55
Q

what is hemiplegic splastic CP

A

normal side with other side arm and leg affected, walks on tiptoe

56
Q

what is quadraplegic CP

A

arms, head, mouth may twist strangely
4 limbs affecrted
knees press together
feet and legs turn inewards

57
Q

types of CP

A

ataxic, hypotonic, dyskinetic, spastic

58
Q

besides motor function, what else may CP affecr

A

communication, seizure, learning, sensation

59
Q

specific sensory developmental delay causes

A 
treacher collins 
sensorineural hearing loss 
CP
hydrocephalus 
oculocutaneous albinism
60
Q

what is oculocutaneous albinism

A

conditions affecting pigmentation of skin, hair and eyes
reduced pigmentation of retina and eyes
reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, photophobia

61
Q

features of treacher collins syndrome

A

conductive hearing loss
normal cognition
underdeveloped facial bones, small jaw, absent or small ears

62
Q

medical issues associated with CP

A 
motility, spasticity and ortho
learning difficulty 
epilepsy 
visual/hearing impairment 
communication difficulty 
feeding difficulty 
sleep problems 
behaviour problems
63
Q

what is the most common visual defect in spastic CP

A

inferior visual field defect

64
Q

what is the autistic triad

A

communication
social interaction
flexibility of thought/imagination

65
Q

autistic triad - features of communication

A

delayed, abstract language
echo, odd pitch
issues with eye contact, gesture, expression
restricted conversation

66
Q

autistic triad - features of social interaction

A

struggles with turn taking
cannot share pleasure
no need for social approval
struggle with empathy and relationship, others views

67
Q

autistic triad - features of flexibility of thought/imagination

A 
struggle with time concept 
concrete and literal 
routine 
changes in environment 
ritualistic behaviour
68
Q

sensory issues with ASD

A 
fussy eater 
clothes texture 
hair/nail cutting 
sleep 
toilet training 
noise
69
Q

investigation of developmental delay

A 
oligoarray CGH and FRAX 
guthrie test 
MRI/EEG
CK 
Metabolic studies
70
Q

what formal assessment is used in 0-6

A

griffiths

71
Q

what formal assessment is used in 0-3

A

bayleys

72
Q

what formal assessment is used in ASD

A

ADOS

73
Q

who should be spoken to first during paeds history

A

always the child

74
Q

why is play important in hospital?

A 
sense normality 
aids recovery 
development 
understand illness 
trust 
reduce stress
75
Q

what is play preparation and when is it used

A

prepare for procedures and help understand illness and treatment
encouraging child to act it out with play

76
Q

when is referral to play therapists used and what does it involve

A

feat, trauma, misconception around healthcare related things
procedural play to help build relationship and understanding

77
Q

why do mothers with diabetes tend to have larger babies

A

insulin acts as a growth factor

78
Q

what is a Z score

A

number of SDs a person has from mean

79
Q

in a normal distribution of 100 people, how many will fall in 1SD

A

68

80
Q

in a normal distribution of 100 people, how many will fall in 2SD

A

95

81
Q

centile lines of a growth chart are spaced how many SDs away

A

2/3rd

82
Q

how is normal growth compared on a growth chart

A

compare growth to centile lines

compare rate of growth

83
Q

why is the normal distribution of growth charts getting a right tail

A

increasing height and obesity

84
Q

measuring head circumference?

A

measure widest part of head 3 times and take average

85
Q

true/false- children <2 are measured as length, not height

A

true, and >2 is height

86
Q

why are overweight children more likely to enter puberty sooner

A

they have more adipocytes, so more leptin leading to raised GnRH

87
Q

what is the testicular volume when puberty has begun

A

4ml

88
Q

how is tanner stage measured in boys?

A

testicular volume

pubic hair, unreliable

89
Q

how is tanner stage measured in girls?

A

breast development

pubic hair, unreliable

90
Q

when is puberty regarded as early?

A

<8 girls

<9 boys

91
Q

when is puberty regarded as late?

A

> 13 girls

>14 boys

92
Q

when is height velocity peak girls

A

12

generally start of puberty

93
Q

when is height velocity peak boys

A

14

generally end of puberty

94
Q

in investigating growth problem, what may be used to determine issues with height, and describe it

A

mid parental height
parents height charted and the parental centile is used
this is compared to childs centile
if ±2SDs then abnormal

95
Q

investigation of growth issues?

A 
gonads 
IGF1
test/oestradiol
karyotype 
anti-TTG
bone age 
dynamic testing 
MRI brain
USS uterus
96
Q

causes of dysmorphic disorders leading to short stature

A

down syndrome
turner syndrome
achondroplasia
prader-wili

MB2: Child health (12 decks)

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