Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MB2: Child health > Child and adolescent health > Flashcards

Child and adolescent health Flashcards

1
Q

special features of a child

A 
large head and occiput 
high ant larynx and floppy epiglottis 
flexible ribs 
smaller blood volume
large surface area to volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how can a large SA to volume cause issues in children

A

burns of proportional size on adults affect a larger % of child SA
dehydration more common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

true/false - curved laryngoscopy blade is used to intubate babies

A

false - a straight one is used to push back the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most common pathogen in bronchiolitis

A

RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most treatment of bronchiolitis is supportive. what may be done in cases that are more severe

A

NG tube to feed
IV resus
oxygen, or CPAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the most common cause of croup

A

parainfluenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

x ray on a patient with croup reveals

A

steeple sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

differential for child with croup

A

croup
epiglottitis
bacterial tracheitis
foreign body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

management of croup

A

consider admitting

single dose oral steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

characteristic symptoms of croup

A

barking cough

stridor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

symptoms of meningitis

A 
stiff neck 
non blanching purputic petechial rash 
fatigue 
confusion 
tiredness 
photophobia 
pyrexia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what should be considered in UTI in children

A

abnormal renal tract

consider performing USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a febrile seizure

A

generalised tonic clonic seizure in response to fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a breath bolding attack

A

TLOC and possible fit in response to breath holding whilst crying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do you identify PQTS in a child with syncope

A

screen for cardiac arrhythmia with an ECG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

causes of fits, blackouts and seiziure

A 
epilepsy 
breath holding attack 
febrile seizure 
vasovagal episode 
PQTS 
non-epileptic events 
other arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

possible causes of trauma in children?

A 
RTA 
trampoline 
burns 
ingestion 
choking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

first and foremost priority in NAI

A

safety and welfare of child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

surgical causes of GI obstruction

A

pyloric stenosis
intusseption
volvulus
malrotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

features of pyloric stenosis

A

6 weeks old
vomiting
alkalotic ABG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

acute abdomen in older children is often _____

A

appendicitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

emergency cause of abdominal pain in boys

A

testicular torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

biological development in adolescents?

A

puberty
CNS development
growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

psychological development in adolescents?

A

abstract thought
morality development
development of identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

social development in adolescents?

A

independence

changing relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what makes a competent young person

A

understand simple terms, nature and purpose of treatment
benefits, risks, alternatives
make choice free of coercion
retain info long enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

true/false - <16s can consent to treatment without parental consent

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

true/false- parents can overrule an under 16s decision to consent

A

false - they cannot unless the patient is not deemed clinically competent

29
Q

when can a young persons confidentiality by invalidated

A

risk to their health or welfare or grave risk to others without disclosure

30
Q

assessing adolescent development

A 
STEP
sexual maturity 
thinking 
education and employment 
peers and parents
31
Q

things to discuss with adolescents in social hx

A 
HEEADSSS
home 
education/employment 
eating 
activities 
drugs 
sex 
suicide 
safety
32
Q

age for the majority of childhood deaths

A

<1

33
Q

second highest age for majority of childhood deaths

A

15-19

most preventable

34
Q

mental health issues in adolescents

A 
eating disorders 
mental illness 
pre-existing condition 
chronic fatigue 
functional
35
Q

physical health conditions in adolescents

A

epilepsy
asthma
IBD
diabetes

36
Q

social health conditions in adolescents

A

sexual relationships

smoking, drugs and alcohol

37
Q

features to include in a transfer from paediatrics to adult clinic

A

involve the patients
transition planning with concerns raised
support before and after transfer with clinics

38
Q

pros of specialist hospital adolescent units

A

highly skilled staff, used to dealing with risk behaviour
developmentally appropriate
supports health promotion
increased independence

39
Q

cons of specialist hospital adolescent units

A

encourages mimicry
inappropriate behaviour
takes skilled workers away from other clinics
too comfortable

40
Q

what can be given for reflux in babies

A

gaviscon

41
Q

common respiratory conditions in primary care

A 
bronchiolitis 
croup 
viral URTI
asthma 
tonsillitis
42
Q

rare respiratory conditions in primary care

A 
CF 
epiglottitis 
foreign body 
pneumonia 
malignancy
43
Q

medical causes of abdominal pain in children

A

uti
gastroenteritis
constipation

44
Q

surgical causes of abdominal pain in children

A 
intussception 
volvulus 
incarcerated hernia 
appendicitis 
testicular trauma 
ovarian torsion
45
Q

medical, but not abdomen specific causes of abdomional pain in children

A 
DKA 
adrenal crisis 
sickle cell disease
function 
ectopic pregnancy 
PID
IBD
46
Q

causes of arthralgia in children

A 
inflammatory arthritis 
transient synovitis 
perthes 
SUFE 
osgood schlatters 
growth pains
tumour 
infection
47
Q

what is hydrocephalus and how is it investigated

A

head growth out of proportion to rest of body due to fluid accumulation
USS to look at ventricle size

48
Q

what conditions are caused due to abnormal head suture formation

A

scaphocephaly
gonocephaly
plagacephaly

49
Q

red flags for headache

A 
expanding head size 
vomiting 
young age 
waking at night 
corse on cough/sneeze
change in behaviour 
change in cognitive ability 
new squint/ CN palsy 
diplopia or vision change
50
Q

red flags for heart murmur

A 
cyanosis 
poor feed
SOB 
fatigue 
fail to thrive 
sweating 
colour change 
absent fem pulses 
liver edge
gallop 
creps
oedema
51
Q

red flags for cough

A

night time waking
failure to thrive
recurrence

52
Q

red flags for abdo pain

A

fail to thrive
bloody/bilious vomiting
bloody stool

53
Q

what rare conditions may lead to constipation

A

hirschprings disease
gut atresia
spinal lesions

54
Q

red flags for issues with bowels

A 
weight loss 
blood 
fatigue 
joint/eye involvement 
rash 
mouth ulcers
55
Q

how common is a type 1 food allergy?

A

pretty uncommon, anaphylaxis is rare

56
Q

symptoms of a food allergy

A 
constipation 
rhinorrhoea 
glue ear
vomiting 
cough
abdominal pain
rash 
fatigue 
myalgia 
itch
57
Q

red flag diseases associated with fatigue?

A 
inflammtory 
brain tumours 
addisons 
thyroid disease
coeliac 
anaemia
58
Q

what type of children suggest having a GH deficiency

A

short and obese children

59
Q

features of functional pain in children

A 
headache 
abdo pain
fatigue 
poor sleep 
anxiety
60
Q

describe the presentaiton of pyloric stenosis

A

projectile vomiting
milky and following feed
6wks
abdominal swelling, visible peristalsis

61
Q

diagnosis and management of pyloric stenosis?

A

USS sees short thick channel at bottom of stomach

single cut along pylorus to expand valve

62
Q

presentation of intussception?

A 
bilious/food vomiting 
upset 
legs drawn up
visible/palpable mass
blood in nappy
63
Q

diagnosis and management of intissception

A

USS reveals sausage shape lesion telescoping in on itself

air enema or surgical intervention

64
Q

describe how malrotation can lead to volvulus

A

longest distance in abdomen is from terminal ileum to DJ flexure
this is supplied by SMA
if terminal ileum lies high and DJ flexure lies low then this can lead to volvulus and ischaemia

65
Q

investigation of malrotation and volvulus

A

upper GI with contrast and follow through

66
Q

how does idiopathic scrotal oedema appear and how is it managed

A

redess and scotal swelling extending to groin and down to perineum
analgesia/antihistamines

67
Q

what is a hydrocele and how does it appear

A

on descent of the testicel a piece of peritoneum is brought with it, causing fluid accumulation
diffuse non tender swelling that transilluminates light

68
Q

how does a hernia in the groin area appear anf how is it managed

A

appear as swelling with extension to groin
cannot get above it
need to operate as there is risk of strangulation

MB2: Child health (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions