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Metabolism > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of 1kcal?

A

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1kg of water by 1 degree

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2
Q

What are the key components of our diet?

A 
Carbohydrates
Protein 
Fat
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Fibre
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3
Q

What are the major dietary carbohydrates?

A 
Starch 
Sucrose
Lactose
Fructose
Glucose
Maltose
Glycogen
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4
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

9

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5
Q

What is the pneumonic for the essential amino acids?

A

If learned this huge list may prove truly valuable

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6
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A 
Isoleucine 
Leucine
Threonine 
Histidine 
Lysine
Methionine 
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan 
Valine
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7
Q

What other amino acids do children and pregnant women need in their diet?

A

Arginine
Tyrosine
Cysteine

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8
Q

What are some essential fatty acids?

A

Linoleic acid

Linolenic acid

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9
Q

What is the function of minerals in the diet?

A 
Electrolytes = establish ion gradients 
Help bone structure 
Signalling molecules 
Enzyme co-factors 
Haemoglobin
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10
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A
D
E
K

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11
Q

What happens in a vitamin A deficiency?

A

Xerophthalmia - dryness of conjunctiva + cornea

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12
Q

What happens in a vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets

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13
Q

What happens in a vitamin E deficiency?

A

Neurologic abnormalities

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14
Q

What happens in a vitamin K deficiency?

A

Defective blood clotting

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15
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B

C

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16
Q

How many B vitamins are there?

A

8

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17
Q

What are the B vitamins?

A 
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B7
B9
B12
18
Q

What is B1 also known as?

A

Thiamin

19
Q

What is B2 also known as?

A

Riboflavin

20
Q

What is B3 also known as?

A

Niacin

21
Q

What is B5 also known as?

A

Pantothenic acid

22
Q

What is B6 also known as?

A

Pyridoxine

23
Q

What is B7 also known as?

A

Biotin

24
Q

What is B9 also known as?

A

Folate

25
Q

What is B12 also known as?

A

Cobalamin

26
Q

What happens in a B1 deficiency?

A

Beriberi

27
Q

What happens in a B2 deficiency?

A

Ariboflavinosis

28
Q

What happens in a B3 deficiency?

A

Pellagra

29
Q

What happens in B5 deficiency?

A

Fatigue

Apathy

30
Q

What happens in B6 deficiency?

A

Dermatitis

Anaemia

31
Q

What happens in B7 deficiency?

A

Alopecia

Scaly skin

32
Q

What happens in B9 deficiency?

A

Anaemia

Neural tube defects

33
Q

What happens in B12 deficiency?

A

Anaemia

34
Q

How is daily energy expenditure calculated?

A

Basal metabolic rate + diet-induced thermogenesis + physical activity level

35
Q

What factors affect BMR?

A 
Body size
Gender
Environmental temperature
Endocrine status 
Body temperature
36
Q

How is BMI calculated?

A

Weight / height ^2

37
Q

What is the BMI for underweight?

A

<18.5

38
Q

What is the BMI for normal weight?

A

18.5 - 24.9

39
Q

What is the BMI for overweight?

A

25 - 29.9

40
Q

What is the BMI for obese?

A

30 - 34.9

41
Q

What is the BMI for severely obese?

A

> 35

Metabolism (10 decks)

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