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Metabolism > Lipid Metabolism > Flashcards

Lipid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

How does the structure of lipids differ from carbs?

A

More reduced - release more energy

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2
Q

What are the classes of lipids?

A

Fatty acid derivatives

  • fatty acids
  • triglycerides

Hydroxy-methyl-glutaric acid derivatives
- ketone bodies

Vitamins

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3
Q

What is the structure of triglycerides?

A

Glycerol backbone

Fatty acid side chain

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4
Q

What are the features of triglycerides?

A

Hydrophobic

Stored in anhydrous form in adipose tissue

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5
Q

What is the process of making a triglyceride from glycerol and 3 fatty acids called?

A

Esterification

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6
Q

What is the process of breaking down a triglyceride into its constituent parts called?

A

Lipolysis

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7
Q

How are triglycerides metabolised in the GI tract?

A

Extracellular hydrolysis of lipids in small intestine by pancreatic lipases into fatty acids and glycerol

Recombined back to triglycerides and packed into lipoprotein particle

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8
Q

How are triglycerides stored?

A

In adipose tissue

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9
Q

What stimulates release of fatty acids for fuel?

A

Low glucose

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10
Q

Where does fatty acid catabolism occur?

A

Mitochondria

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11
Q

How are fatty acids catabolised?

A

FA activated by linking to CoA
Transported across inner mitochondrial membrane by carnitine shuttle
Goes through sequence of oxidative reactions

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12
Q

Where does fatty acid activation occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

How are fatty acids activated?

A

Linked to CoA - fatty acyl CoA synthase

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14
Q

What transports fatty acyl-CoA across the mitochondrial membrane?

A

Carnitine shuttle

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15
Q

What can inhibit the carnitine shuttle?

A

Malonyl-CoA

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16
Q

What is the process of getting energy from fatty acids called?

A

β-oxidation

17
Q

Where is glycerol metabolised?

A

Liver

18
Q

How is glycerol metabolised?

A

Glycerol -(glycerol kinase)-> glycerol phosphate (uses ATP)

Glycerol phosphate -> DHAP

DHAP used in glycolysis

19
Q

What are the functions of acetyl-CoA?

A

Intermediate in catabolic and anabolic pathways

20
Q

What are the 3 ketone bodies produced in the body?

A

Acetoacetate
Acetone
β-hydroxybutyrate

21
Q

Where are ketone bodies produced?

A

In liver by mitochondria

22
Q

What happens to acetyl-CoA in the liver?

A

Acetyl-CoA -(synthase)-> HMG-CoA

Either

  • converted to cholesterol via HMG-CoA reductase
  • converted to ketone bodies via lysase
23
Q

What happens when the insulin/glucagon ratio is high?

A

Lysase inhibited
HMG-CoA reductase activated

Cholesterol synthesis

24
Q

What happens when the insulin/glucagon ratio is low?

A

Lysase activated
HMG-CoA inhibited

Ketone body synthesis

Metabolism (10 decks)

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