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Metabolism > Lipid Transport > Flashcards

Lipid Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

Fatty acid tails with hydrophilic phosphate head

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2
Q

Where is cholesterol synthesised?

A

Liver

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3
Q

What is the function of cholesterol?

A

Essential component of membranes
- regulates fluidity

Precursor of steroid hormones

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4
Q

How is cholesterol transported around the body?

A

Cholesterol ester = cholesterol with fatty acid

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5
Q

What is the structure of a lipoprotein?

A

Phospholipid monolayer with small amount of cholesterol

Peripheral apolipoproteins
Integral apolipoproteins

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6
Q

What is contained in a lipoprotein?

A

Triglycerides
Cholesterol ester
Fat soluble vitamins

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7
Q

What are the classes of lipoproteins?

A 
Chylomicrons
VLDL - very low density lipoproteins 
IDL - intermediate density lipoproteins 
LDL - low density lipoproteins 
HDL - high density lipoproteins
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8
Q

What are the roles of apolipoproteins?

A

Structural - package water insoluble lipid

Functional

  • enzyme co-factor
  • ligand for cell surface receptors
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9
Q

How are chylomicrons metabolised?

A

Chylomicrons loaded in small intestine - apoB-48 added

Travel to thoracic duct and empty into left subclavian vein - acquire apoC + apoE

apoC binds lipoprotein on adipocytes and muscle - contents enter cell

When triglyceride <20% - apoC dissociates. Becomes chylomicron remnant

Chylomicron returns to liver - LDL receptor on hepatocytes binds to apoE + chylomicron remnant taken up

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10
Q

How are VLDL metabolised?

A

VLDL made in liver

apoB100 added during formation

apoC + apoE added from HDL particles in blood

VLDL vinds to LPL on endotherlial cells in muscle + adipose

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11
Q

How are IDL and LDL formed?

A

VLDL -> IDL -> LDL

VLDL depletes to ~30% becomes IDL

IDL loses apoC + apoE to become LDL

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12
Q

What is the function of LDL?

A

Provide cholesterol from liver to peripheral tissues

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13
Q

How are HDL synthesised?

A

Synthesised by liver

Can bud off from chylomicrons and VLDL
Free apoA-I can also acquire cholesterol and phospholipid from other lipoproteins

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14
Q

How does HDL reverse cholesterol transport?

A

HDL can remove cholesterol from cells and return it to the liver

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15
Q

What happens to mature HDL?

A

Taken up by liver

Cells can use scavenger receptor to obtain cholesterol from HDL

HDL can exchange cholesterol ester for triglyceride with VLDL via CETP

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16
Q

What is the function of chylomicrons?

A

Transport dietary triglycerides from intestine to tissues

17
Q

What is the function of VLDL?

A

Transport triglycerides synthesised in liver to adipose tissue

18
Q

What is the function of IDL?

A

Transport of cholesterol

19
Q

What is the function of HDL?

A

Transport excess cholesterol from cells to liver

Metabolism (10 decks)

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