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Metabolism > Energy Storage > Flashcards

Energy Storage Flashcards

1
Q

How is glucose stored?

A

Glycogen

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2
Q

Which tissues only use glucose?

A

RBCs
Neutrophils
Inner cells of kidney medulla
Lens

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3
Q

How is glycogen stored?

A

As granules

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4
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Polymer of glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 bonds

Branches around protein - glycogenin

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5
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Glycogen synthesis

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6
Q

What is the process of glycogenesis?

A

Glucose + ATP -(glucokinase)-> G-6-P + ADP

G-6-P G-1-P

G-1-P + UTP + H2O -(G1P uridylyltransferase)-> UDP-glucose + PPi

Glycogen(n) + UDP-glucose -> glycogen(n+1) + UDP

  • glycogen synthase (1-4 bonds)
  • branching enzyme (1-6 bonds)
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7
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Glycogen degradation

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8
Q

What is the process of glycogenolysis?

A

Glycogen(n) + Pi -> G-1-P + glycogen(n-1)

  • glycogen phosphorylase (1-4)
  • debranching enzyme (1-6)

G-1-P G-6-P

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9
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme of glycogen synthesis?

A

Glycogen synthase

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10
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme of glycogen degradation?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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11
Q

What is the effect of glucagon on glycogen metabolism?

A

Increases glycogen phosphorylase activity

Decreases glycogen synthase activity

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12
Q

What is the effect of adrenaline on glycogen metabolism?

A

Increases glycogen phosphorylase activity

Decreases glycogen synthase activity

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13
Q

What is the effect of insulin on glycogen metabolism?

A

Increases glycogen synthase activity

Decreases glycogen phosphorylase activity

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14
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Production of new glucose

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15
Q

What are the major precursors of gluconeogenesis?

A

Lactate
Glycerol
Amino acids

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16
Q

What are key enzymes of gluconeogenesis?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
Glucose-6-phosphatase

17
Q

What is the effect of glucagon on gluconeogenesis?

A

Increases

18
Q

What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis?

A

Decreases

19
Q

What is lipogenesis?

A

Fatty acid synthesis

20
Q

Where does lipogenesis occur?

A

Liver

21
Q

How does lipogenesis occur?

A

Glucose -> pyruvate

Pyruvate enters mitochondria and forms acetyl-CoA + OAA

Condense to form citrate -> cytoplasm

Back to acetyl-CoA + OAA

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase produces malonyl-CoA

Fatty acid synthase complex builds fatty acids from carbon from malonyl-CoA

22
Q

What is lipolysis?

A

Fat mobilisation

23
Q

How does lipolysis occurs?

A

Triglycerides broken down by hormone sensitive lipase

24
Q

What activates hormone sensitive lipase?

A

Glucagon

Adrenaline

25
Q

What inhibits hormone sensitive lipase?

A

Insulin

Metabolism (10 decks)

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