Nutrition

Question 1

define food allergy

Answer 1

immune reaction that is IgE mediated

Question 2

define food intolerance

Answer 2

non-immune reaction e.g. lactose intolerance

Question 3

effects of obesity on the skin

Answer 3

• mechanical strength reduced due to failure of collagen to match increased SA
• increased water loss (dry skin)
• increased skin blood flow (hypertension)
• pressure from fat impedes lymph flow (hypoproteinaemia)
• increased androgens produced in fat increased gland secretion (increased friction and irritation)

Question 4

presentation in the skin caused by obesity

Answer 4

acanthosis nigricans
skin tags
hirsutism
acne
hidradenitis suppurativa
androgenetic alopeacia
stretch marks

Question 5

define acanthosis nigricans

Answer 5

thickening and hyperpigmentation of skin folds

velvety thickened lesions in axilla

Question 6

define hirsutism

Answer 6

increased male hair distribution in females

Question 7

define hidradenitis suppurativa

Answer 7

inflammation in apocrine gland areas

Question 8

examples of skin diseases aggravated by obesity

Answer 8

• lymphoedema
• chronic venous insufficiency
• skin infections
• intertigo
• psoriasis

Question 9

define lymphoedema

Answer 9

lymphatic leakage causing swelling, reduced tissue oxygenation leading to bacterial overgrowth
cellulitis develops

Question 10

describe how chronic venous insufficiency is aggravated by obesity

Answer 10

abdominal fat resists venous return. veins dilate and valves become incompetent

Question 11

define intertigo

Answer 11

red plaques develop in skin folds due to high moisture

Question 12

vulnerable groups for nutritional deficiencies

Answer 12

dietary inadequacy
bowel malabsorption
concomitant drugs

Question 13

vitamin A deficiency presentation

Answer 13

keratotic follicular
papules on thighs and arms
dry skin

Question 14

where is vitamin K found?

Answer 14

green veg

Question 15

presentation of vitamin K deficiency

Answer 15

greater bleeding tendency

purpura

Question 16

where is vitamin B2 (riboflavin) found?

Answer 16

milk
meat
eggs
green veg

Question 17

presentation of vitamin B2 deficiency

Answer 17

cheilosis
angular stomatitis
glossitis

Question 18

where do you get vitamin B3 from?

Answer 18

meat
fish
nuts
coffee

Question 19

how does vitamin B3 deficiency present?

Answer 19

pellagra (4d’s)

• dermatitis
• delirium
• diarrhoea
• death

Question 20

where do you get vitamin B6 from?

Answer 20

milk
cereals
potatoes
bananas

Question 21

presentation of vitamin B6 deficiency

Answer 21

dermatitis

glossitis

Question 22

where do you get folate and B12 from?

Answer 22

only in foods of animal origin

Question 23

presentation of folate and B12 deficiency

Answer 23

anaemia

can get neurological symptoms

Question 24

where is biotin found?

Answer 24

cereals
meat
milk
eggs
nuts

Question 25

presentation of vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)

Answer 25

hyperkeratosis
fatigue
bone and muscle pair

Question 26

where is zinc found?

Answer 26

meat
fish
milk 
eggs
cereals 
nuts

Question 27

two causes of zinc deficiency

Answer 27

• genetics (acrodermatitis enteropathica)

- acquired

Question 28

two protein deficiencies

Answer 28

marasmus

kwashiorkor

Question 29

describe marasmus

Answer 29

malnourishment in children that causes their weight to be low for their age

Question 30

describe kwashiorkor

Answer 30

protein malnutrition associated with fatty liver and oedema