Nutrition Flashcards
define food allergy
immune reaction that is IgE mediated
define food intolerance
non-immune reaction e.g. lactose intolerance
effects of obesity on the skin
- mechanical strength reduced due to failure of collagen to match increased SA
- increased water loss (dry skin)
- increased skin blood flow (hypertension)
- pressure from fat impedes lymph flow (hypoproteinaemia)
- increased androgens produced in fat increased gland secretion (increased friction and irritation)
presentation in the skin caused by obesity
acanthosis nigricans skin tags hirsutism acne hidradenitis suppurativa androgenetic alopeacia stretch marks
define acanthosis nigricans
thickening and hyperpigmentation of skin folds
velvety thickened lesions in axilla
define hirsutism
increased male hair distribution in females
define hidradenitis suppurativa
inflammation in apocrine gland areas
examples of skin diseases aggravated by obesity
- lymphoedema
- chronic venous insufficiency
- skin infections
- intertigo
- psoriasis
define lymphoedema
lymphatic leakage causing swelling, reduced tissue oxygenation leading to bacterial overgrowth
cellulitis develops
describe how chronic venous insufficiency is aggravated by obesity
abdominal fat resists venous return. veins dilate and valves become incompetent
define intertigo
red plaques develop in skin folds due to high moisture
vulnerable groups for nutritional deficiencies
dietary inadequacy
bowel malabsorption
concomitant drugs
vitamin A deficiency presentation
keratotic follicular
papules on thighs and arms
dry skin
where is vitamin K found?
green veg
presentation of vitamin K deficiency
greater bleeding tendency
purpura
where is vitamin B2 (riboflavin) found?
milk
meat
eggs
green veg
presentation of vitamin B2 deficiency
cheilosis
angular stomatitis
glossitis
where do you get vitamin B3 from?
meat
fish
nuts
coffee
how does vitamin B3 deficiency present?
pellagra (4d’s)
- dermatitis
- delirium
- diarrhoea
- death
where do you get vitamin B6 from?
milk
cereals
potatoes
bananas
presentation of vitamin B6 deficiency
dermatitis
glossitis
where do you get folate and B12 from?
only in foods of animal origin
presentation of folate and B12 deficiency
anaemia
can get neurological symptoms
where is biotin found?
cereals meat milk eggs nuts
presentation of vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)
hyperkeratosis
fatigue
bone and muscle pair
where is zinc found?
meat fish milk eggs cereals nuts
two causes of zinc deficiency
- genetics (acrodermatitis enteropathica)
- acquired
two protein deficiencies
marasmus
kwashiorkor
describe marasmus
malnourishment in children that causes their weight to be low for their age
describe kwashiorkor
protein malnutrition associated with fatty liver and oedema
