Microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

how does the skin protect itself from microorganisms?

A

it produces sebum inhibiting bacterial growth
dry skin desiccates organisms
competitive bacterial flora

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2
Q

examples of competitive bacterial flora

A

staph epidermidis
corynebacterium
propionibacterium

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3
Q

five virulence factors

A
adhesin
invasin
impedin
aggressin
modulin
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4
Q

define adhesin

A

enables binding of the organism to the host tissue

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5
Q

define invasin

A

enables organism to invade host cell/tissue

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6
Q

define impedin

A

enables organism to avoid host defence mechanisms

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7
Q

define aggressin

A

causes damage to the host directly

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8
Q

define modulin

A

causes damage to the host indirectly

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9
Q

do some people carry staph aureus on their skin?

A

yes

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10
Q

virulence factors of staph aureus

A
fibrinogen binding protein
leucocidin (exotoxin that kills leucocytes)
enterotoxin (food poisoning)
TSST-1
coagulase positive (clots plasma)
PVL
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11
Q

what is TSST-1

A

superantigen that produces toxins

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12
Q

what does TSST-1 cause?

A

vomiting
fever
scalded skin syndrome
toxic shock syndrome

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13
Q

how does TSST-1 cause damage

A

massive release of cytokines

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14
Q

describe PVL (Panton-Valentine-Leukocidin)

A

this is a toxin produced by a certain strain of staph aureus that kills leucocytes

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15
Q

what does PVL cause

A

furunculosis
necrotising pneumonia
necrotising fasciitis

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16
Q

antibiotic of choice for staph aureus

A

flucloxacillin

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17
Q

when is flucloxacillin not the antibiotic of choice for staph aureus

A

MRSA

18
Q

what group is strep pyogenes

A

group A strep

19
Q

what type of haemolysis is strep pyogenes

A

beta haemolysis

20
Q

what system is used to classify the bacterial cell wall in different types of strep?

A

Lancefield ssytem

21
Q

skin infections caused by strep pyogenes?

A

impetigo
cellulitis (erysipelas)
necrotising fasciitis

22
Q

what does impetigo present with

A

honey coloured crust

23
Q

define cellulitis

A

deeper infection of the dermis not associated with necrosis

24
Q

define necrotising fasciitis

A

destroys connective tissue with streptomycin (SLS)

25
Q

virulence factors of strep pyogenes

A
  • superantigen
  • haemolysins SLO and SLS
  • M protein
26
Q

two types of fungal infections in the skin

A

dermatophyte (ringworm)

candida

27
Q

how does dermatophyte cause infection?

A

fungus enters soggy skin and affects keratinised tissues

28
Q

causes of dermatophyte (ringworm)

A

trichophyton rubrum, mentagraphytes and microsporum canis

29
Q

diagnosis of dermatophytosis

A

clinical appearance
woods light
skin scraping
hair/nail clippings

30
Q

management of dermatophytosis

A

clotrimazole

topical nail paint (amorolfine)

31
Q

management for scalp dermatophytosis

A

terbinafine

itraconzole

32
Q

what areas does candida infect?

A

warm, moist areas

33
Q

diagnosis of candida

A

swab for culture

34
Q

management of candida

A

clotrimazole

fluconazole

35
Q

two parasitic skin infections

A

scabies

lice

36
Q

chronic form of scabies

A

Norwegian scabies

37
Q

incubation period of scabies

A

6 weeks

38
Q

presentation of scabies

A

itchy all over body rash that is worse at night

39
Q

management of scabies

A

marathon lotion

benzyl benzoate

40
Q

presentation of lice

A

intense itch

41
Q

management of lice

A

malathion

42
Q

infection control- singe room if…

A

single room isolation if strep A, MRSA or scabies