Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
Name treatable causes for weight loss using pneumonic MEALS ON WHEELS
A
Medications Emotional (depression, 1/3) Alcoholism, anorexia tardive, abuse (elder) Late life paranoia Swallowing problems
Oral problems
Nosocomial infections, no money
Wandering or dementia Hyperthyroidism, hypercalcemia, hypoadrenalism Enteric problems (malabsorption) Eating problems (tremor) Low salt diet, low cholesterol diet Shopping and meal prep problems, Stones
2
Q
Describe physiologic anorexia of aging causes
A
- olfaction - increased odor threshol, decreased odor identification
- taste - increased taste threshold, difficulty recognizing taste mixtures, minimal change in taste threshold, decreased number of super tasters, increased perception of irritating tastes, no change in temperature or tactile sensation
- increased choecystokinin, antral stretch, adaptive relaxation of stomach leads to increased and early satiety signals
- nitric oxide decreases smooth muscle relaxation, decreases fundal compliance, decreases adaptive relaxation, increases rate of antral filling, increases antral stretch, leads to early satiation.
3
Q
causes of weight loss
A
anorexia cachexia malabsorption hypermetabolism dehydration sarcopenia
4
Q
discuss megestrol
A
orexigenic medication
mixed progestagen (corticosteroid)
anabolic agent leads to demonstratable weight gain, increases fat
long term uses suppresses adrenal function, requiring stress doses of corticosteroids when ill
should not be given to bedfast individuals as it increases risk for clot
more effective weight gain in women
5
Q
discuss dronabinol
A
tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis) causes small increase in food intake can induce delirium (start small doses) improves taste of food has antinausea effect decreases pain enhances general well-being good for palliation and end of life care
6
Q
meds causing folate deficiency
A
anticonvulsants metformin methotrexate sulfasalazine triamterene trimethoprim antacids **elevated homocysteine levels
7
Q
meds causing B12 deficiency
A
PPIs metformin colchicine mineral oil *elevated methylmalonic acid level
8
Q
associations with vit D deficiency
A
poor quantity/quality of bone decreased muscle strength frailty decreased cognition increased disability increased mortality
