Nutrition Flashcards
Nutrition definition
Is the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on health and disease.
Macronutrients
Needed in larger amounts and contain energy:
Carbs
Proteins
Fats
Miconutrients
Need smaller amounts:
Vitamins
Minerals
Kilocalorie
The amount of energy required for the body.
Eat more than required=weight gain
Eat less than required=lose weight
Malnutrition
Inadequate/excess intake of food
Impaired nutrient absorption
or ineffective nutrient utilization
Protein deficiencies
Loss of muscle mass
Inability for body to repair damaged cells
Ineffective immune functions
Edema
Carbohydrate deficiencies
Alter cellular metabolism
Diminish cell growth and repair
Weight loss
Fatty acid deficiencies
Affect cellular membranes
Disrupt retinal development
Disrupt neurotransmitter production
Disrupt brain function
Proteins do what?
Build and repair damaged tissues
Carbs do what?
Provide body with energy
Fatty acids do what?
Important for metabolism
Vitamin A deficiencies
Night blindness
Vitamin B deficiencies
encephalopathy
Vitamin B3 deficiencies
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
Death
Vitamin B12 deficiencies
Anemia
Psych disorders
Biotin deficiencies
Hair loss
Vit C deficiencies
Bleeding
Scurvy
Vit D deficiencies
Rickets
Bone diseases
Muscle pain
falls
Cooper deficiencies
Anemia
Skin lesions
neurological disease
bone fragility
Iron deficiencies
Anemia
Fatigue
Poor growth
Magnesium deficiencies
Hypertension
Arrhythmia
Preeclampsia
Zinc deficiencies
Dermatitis
impaired taste
Impaired growth
Low level of alkaline enzyme
Populations at risk for malnutrition
Potentially everyone Socioeconomic status Race Very young Very old
Individual risk factors for malnutrition
- Genetics (PKU and CF)
- Lifestyle (inconsistent eating patterns)
- Conditions that affect oral intake (inability to chew or swallow)
- Conditions associated w/ impaired digestion (lactose intolerance and bowel resection)
- Conditions associated w/ impaired metabolism (CA, Parkinson’s, AIDS, COPD)
Common diagnostic tests
Albumin Blood glucose Hemoglobin Lipid profile Electrolytes Blood urea nitrogen Tests to r/o anemia Ca P Vit D levels DXA scans
Guidelines for good nutritional health
- “My Plate”-choosemyplate.gov
- 30 min of physical exercise most days/week.
Dietary interventions
Low Na Low fat Calorie reduction Consume fiber Dietary supplements Tube feedings
Pharmacological Agents
Weight loss meds.
Antilipid agents
Micronutrient supplements
Parenteral nutrition
Collaborative interventions for malnutrition?
Dietary interventions
Pharmacotherapy
Surgery
Interrelated concepts of nutrition
- Culture
- Glucose regulation (sugar intake and bodies ability to break it down)
- Immunity
- Clotting
- Thermoregulation
- Development