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NRSG L1 1010 > Fluid and Electrolyte / Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolyte / Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Normal fluid intake is..?

A

1100-1400 mL

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

The bodies ability to keep its internal environment balanced; and is ability to correct itself when balance is not met.

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3
Q

Normal sodium (Na+) levels

A

136-145 mEq/L (mmol/L)

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4
Q

Normal potassium (K+) levels

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L (mmol/L)

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5
Q

Normal calcium (Ca++) levels

A

8.4-10.5 mg/dL

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6
Q

Normal magnesium (Mg++) levels

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

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7
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules move from higher concentration>lower concentration until equilibrium is met.

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8
Q

Filtration

A

Distributes ECF between interstitial and vascular spaces through a membrane via hydrostatic pressure

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

Distributes H2O between ECF and cells through a semi-permiable membrane.

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10
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Pressure that pushes fluid out of its compartment or capillaries.

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11
Q

Output>input (>greater than)

A 
Not enough H2O consumption
Using diuretics
Sweating too much
vomiting/diarrhea 
Hemorrhage
Burns
Adrenal insufficiency (addisons)
Tube feed with out fluids
Diabetes
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12
Q

Output

A 
Renal insufficiency/kidney disease
Too much IV fluids
Excess aldosterone
Cirrhosis (liver damage)
Corticosteroid use 
Cushing's disease (^cortisol levels)
Too much H2O intake
Tap-water enemas
Too much salty foods/fluids
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13
Q

Altered distribution

A
  • Acute ascites (liver failure)
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Distribution into 3rd space (peritoneal cavity)
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14
Q

What do we asses for in Flui. and Elec. imbalance?

A

Health history
Diagnostic and lab tests
Psychical assessment ( daily weight, VS, I and O, thirst, skin, oral cavity, eyes, jugular and hand veins, neuromuscular systems)

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15
Q

ECV deficit

A 
Too little volume:
Weight loss
Skin tenting
Dry mucous membranes
Rapid thready pulse
BP drop
Lightheadedness
Flat neck veins
Oligurea
Syncope/ shock
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16
Q

ECV excess

A 
Too much volume:
Weight gain
Edema
Bounding pulse
Distended neck veins
Dyspnea
17
Q

Hypronatremia

A

Na+ less than (

18
Q

Hypernatremia

A 
Na+ greater than (>) 145 mEq/L:
Impaired cerebral function
Thirst 
Decreases LOC
Seizures
19
Q

Hypokalemia

A

K+

20
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

K+ >5.0 mEq/L:
Bilateral muscle weakness
Cardiac dysrythmias
Cardiac arrest

21
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Ca++

22
Q

Hypercalcemia

A 
Ca++ >11 mg/dL:
Decreased neuromuscular excitability
Anorexia
Nausea
Constipation
Muscle weakness
Diminished reflexes
Decreased LOC
Cardiac dysrythmias
23
Q

Hypomagnesemia

A

Mg++

24
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A 
Mg++ >2.5 mEq/L:
Decreased neuromuscular excitability
Flushing
Diaphoresis (sweating)
Diminished reflexes
Decreased LOC
Muscle weakness
Respiratory depression
Bradycardia
Cardiac dysrythmias
25
Q

Interrelated concepts of Flui. and Elec. Balance

A 
Nutrition
Mobility
Cognition
Perfusion
Gas exchange
Acid-base balance
Elimination
26
Q

Acid-Base Balance is..?

A

Process of regulating pH, bicarbonate concentration and partial pressure of of CO2 on body fluids.

27
Q

Normal pH range

A
  1. 35-7.45

7. 45= alkalotic

28
Q

How is acid removed from the body?

A

Via respiratory and renal processes

29
Q

What changes in flui. and elec. cause change in pH?

A

Diarrhea

Vomiting

30
Q

What changes in pH cause change in flui. and elec.?

A

Hyperventilation

31
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Hypoventilation ( ^ CO2)

32
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation ( decreased CO2)

33
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Chronic diarrhea
Intoxication
Pancreatic fistula

34
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

Excess bicarbonate use

Excess diuretic use

35
Q

What is a DEFINITIVE test for acid-base imbalance?

A

ABGs (arterial blood gas)

36
Q

Normal PaCO2 level

A

35-45 mm Hg

37
Q

Normal PaO2 level

A

80-100 mm Hg

NRSG L1 1010 (7 decks)

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