Nutrition

Question 1

What is EAR?

Answer 1

Estimated average requirment

Question 2

What is LRNI?

Answer 2

Lower reference nutrient intake (2SD below EAR)

Question 3

What is RNI?

Answer 3

Reference nutrient intake (97.5% people)

Question 4

What is ‘safe intake’

Answer 4

Range for which there’s not enough information to estimate EAR, LRNI/RNI

Question 5

As you age what happens to your energy requirement?

Answer 5

It decreases

Question 6

What are the three macronutrients?

Answer 6

Fat, protein, carbohydrate

Question 7

Can excess macronutrients be stored?

Answer 7

Fat and carbohydrates yes, protein no.

Question 8

Which is the most space efficient macronutrient when stored?

Answer 8

Fat

Question 9

What is the daily protein requirement?

Answer 9

0.75g/kg body weight/day (more for athletes)

Question 10

True or false protein is constantly synthesised and degraded in the body?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or false all proteins have the same lifespan

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What is nitrogen balance?

Answer 12

Nitrogen intake vs nitrogen excretion. Reflects protein intake and excretion

Question 13

What does it mean if you are in negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 13

You are breaking down your own protein for energy

Question 14

What does it mean if you are in positive nitrogen balance?

Answer 14

Take in more nitrogen than you excrete e.g. during growth, healing, pregnancy.

Question 15

Which 9 amino acids can’t be synthesised by humans?

Answer 15

Met, Val, His, Leu, Phen, Tryp, Isol, Lys, Thr

Question 16

What constitutes a triacylglycerol?

Answer 16

Glycerol + 3 long chain fatty acids

Question 17

Can the body synthesise omega 3 and 6? What are they needed for?

Answer 17

No. Needed for synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxin. Anti inflammatory molecules.

Question 18

Are vitamins organic or inorganic molecules? Can they be synthesised?

Answer 18

Organic. Can’t be synthesised.

Question 19

Which are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 19

A, D, E, K

Question 20

Are minerals organic or inorganic?

Answer 20

Inorganic

Question 21

Which 7 minerals are key?

Answer 21

Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iodine, fluoride, phosphate

Question 22

Which 5 minerals are ‘trace’?

Answer 22

cobalt, copper, chromium, manganese, selenium

Question 23

What are three reasons that deficiencies may arise?

Answer 23

Inadequate intake
Inadequate absorption
Excess loss/increased requirement

Question 24

What can vitamin A deficiency result in?

Answer 24

Blindness and death

Question 25

What can vitamin C deficiency result in?

Answer 25

Scurvy

Question 26

What can vitamin D deficiency result in?

Answer 26

Osteomalacia, rickets, autoimmune disease

Question 27

What can vitamin B12 deficiency result in?

Answer 27

Pernicious anaemia. Can be deficient if lack binding protein.

Question 28

What can folic acid deficiency result in?

Answer 28

Neural tube defects in pregnancy. Important in 1st trimester.

Question 29

What can iodine deficiency in pregnancy result in?

Answer 29

Low cognitive ability/low IQ of children

Question 30

What are current guidlines for macronutrient amounts in the diet?

Answer 30

40% starchy food
At least 5 portions fruit and veg
Moderate amounts of protein rich food, milk and dairy
Low amounts of saturated fat (10%), salt (

Question 31

Which micronutrient supplements may be recommended for pregnant women, children and people who are housebound/have dark skin/ wear a headscarf?

Answer 31

Pregnant women- folic acid until week 12 and vit D
Children-Vit A, C and D
Housebound- Vit D