Nutrition

Question 1

What is the guideline protein intake?

Answer 1

Men: 55.5g
Women: 45g

Question 2

What is the guideline lipid daily intake?

Answer 2

Men: 30g
Women: 20g

Question 3

What is the guideline water daily intake?

Answer 3

Men: 2 litres
Women: 1.6 litres

Question 4

What is the guideline energy intake for a female adult?

Answer 4

2,000 Kcal

8,400kJ/ 8 MJ
for a BMR of 1.7 MJ

Question 5

What is the guideline energy intake for a male adult?

Answer 5

2,500 Kcal

10,500kJ/ 10 MJ
for a BMR of 5.4 MJ

Question 6

Name high quality sources of carbohydrate

Answer 6

Potatoes, bread, cereals, rice and pasta

Question 7

Name high quality sources of protein

Answer 7

Meat/ fish/ lentils/ eggs/ dairy/ beans

Contains all essential amino acid
In the req proportions
Easily digestible form

Question 8

Name high quality sources of essential fatty acids

Answer 8

Oily fish
Olive oil
Nuts
Avocados

Question 9

Describe the eat well plate

Answer 9

1/3 Fruit & veg
1/3 Carbohydrate
1/3 Protein/ Fat/ Sugar/ Dairy

Question 10

What does glycaemic index mean?

Answer 10

A number associated with a particular type of food that indicates the food’s effect on a person’s blood glucose

Typically ranges between 50 and 100, where 100 represents the standard, an equivalent amount of pure glucose (expressed as a percentage of the response to 50g of carbohydrate from a standard food taken by the same subject e.g. glucose/white bread)

Slowly absorbed foods have a low GI rating, while foods that are more quickly absorbed have a higher rating

Question 11

What is the function of essential fatty acids?

Answer 11

Fat helps the body absorb fat-solubleitamins A, D and E

Question 12

Main forms of undigestible carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Non-starch polysaccharides
Resistant starch
Oligosaccharides

Question 13

What are unavailable carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Carbs not absorbed in small intestine but fermented by large intestine microflora
Considered a soluble dietary fibre

Question 14

Action of insoluble dietary fibre

Answer 14

Metabolically inert

Diverticular disease/ hiatus hernia

Question 15

Action of soluble dietary fibre & conditions it may protect agains

Answer 15

Metabolically active due to e.g. viscosity/ fermentation effects
Ischaemic heart disease/ diabetes mellitus/ hypercholestraemia

Question 16

What are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine collectively?

Answer 16

The nine essential amino acids

cannot be made by the body, must come from diet

Question 17

What are arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, proline and tyrosine collectively?

Answer 17

Six conditionally essential amino acids in the human diet, meaning their synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, e.g. prematurity in the infant/ individuals in severe catabolic distress

Question 18

What are the only 2 fatty acids essential in diet?

Answer 18

1. Alpha-linolenic acid/ Octadecatrienoic Acid (omega-3 fatty acid)
2. Linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid) shortage of Linloleic acid/ Octadecadienoic Acid, may cause arachidonic acid to become essential

Essential because humans can’t insert double bonds beyond n-9