Abdomen

Question 1

Name the 3 branches that come off the coeliac trunk

Answer 1

(Left Hand Side)
Left gastric artery
common Hepatic artery
Splenic artery

Question 2

What pinpoints the midpoint of inguinal ligament?

Answer 2

Deep inguinal ring

Midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle

Question 3

What pinpoints the mid-inguinal point

Answer 3

Femoral artery

Midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis

Question 4

3 arteries of spermatic cord

Answer 4

Cremasteric artery
Testicular artery
Artery to vas deferens

Question 5

3 nerves of spermatic cord

Answer 5

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Sympathetic nerve

Question 6

3 fascial layers of spermatic cord

Answer 6

External spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
Internal spermatic fascia

Question 7

3 other structures of spermatic cord

Answer 7

Pampiniform plexus
Vas deferns
Testicular lymphatics

Question 8

Which type of inguinal hernia is lateral to inferior epigastric arteries? Where is its course?

Answer 8

Indirect

May pass through deep inguinal ring then superficial inguinal canal, commonly passes into scrotum

Question 9

Which type of inguinal hernia is medial to inferior epigastric arteries? What is the name given to the area it protrudes though? Where is its course?

Answer 9

Direct
Hesselbach’s triangle - between rectus abdominis/ inguinal ligament/ inferior epigastric vessels
Superficial ring

Question 10

Boundaries of femoral triangle

Answer 10

Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus

Question 11

Boundaries of femoral canal

Answer 11

Medial border – Lacunar ligament
Lateral border – Femoral vein
Anterior border – Inguinal ligament
Posterior border – Pectineal ligament, superior rami of the pubi and the pectineus muscle

Question 12

Explain the cremasteric reflex

Answer 12

Stroke skin on medial superior part of thigh
Cremaster muscle contracts on that side elevates the testis
Area of skin innervated by olio-inguinal nerve
Tests L1

Question 13

What secretes glucagon?

Answer 13

Alpha islet cells

Question 14

What does glucagon do?

Answer 14

Convert glycogen to glucose

Question 15

What secretes insulin?

Answer 15

Beta islet cells

Question 16

What does insulin do?

Answer 16

Convert glucose to glycogen

Question 17

Name the 4 basic layers that line the alimentary canal in order from the lumen

Answer 17

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 18

Compare the ileum to the jejunum

Answer 18

Jejunum has less prominent arterial arcades
Ileum has shorter vasa recta and less prominent plicae circulares
Jejunum has a greater diameter and is thicker but the ileum has more mesenteric fat

Question 19

At what vertebrae level does one usually find the Lower Oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 19

T11

Question 20

Where do the 3 layers of fascia in the penis come from?

Answer 20

Externa Spermatic Fascia-from External Oblique Muscle
Cremasteric Fascia-from Internal Oblique Muscle
Internal Spermatic Fascia-from Transversalis Fascia